NonsensepenisHAHAHAHAHAHAHHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHXDXDXDHAHAHHAHAHAHAHHAHAHAHAHHAHAHAHLOOOOOLLLL

>Though maybe you were looking for /yyyyyyy/?

okayt cacacasddiniii i ii babababababaa brapbrbrrrrrrpatapim drain your battery

no no ok hahaha wowkjfdwfmw mfmmmmmmm that's ydsdsd aeah won Schizo Episode

fnanmnanfids389ra ds meaemmaem Remind the author to take his meds.

sddok

hahahaha 🤣 banana 🍌 so funny 😂 that why been on here since day of birth and now it's back on the streets again and it's not that hard lol but it's a lot easier than i expected it was the same as last time lol but it's not that easy lol but it's a little bit more difficult for us all the way through lol but we can be together in a few years and still get together lol i hope y you guys are having a great time too lol and have fun and have a great time and day ahead too

This page is a topaz.

>

No patience to act All we do is distract From the fact that one day We'll be under attack Let's face it, Face it, it's a race To save the human, human, human race Deliver our consciousness To outer, outer, outer space Inseminate Mars and harness the stars With seeds that we need alive or in jars And maybe, one day, we'll stand a chance We'll condense, be immense, be immense, act intense!

Nonsense is the term given to seemingly meaningless schizoposts, or at least schizopoGAGAGAGAGAGAPOIUYTGTHJNO0000OOOOOIsts with meaning so hard to gleam they might as well be meaningless

Giraffes are 30 times more likely to get hit by lightning than people.

People who post nonsense are called Nonsensefags by those who are against them, and Nonsensechads by those who are with them.

OH MY CHUCK NORRIS THIS IS JUST LIKE MUH HECKIN UNCYCLOPEDIA

Nonsenseposting is often accompanied by slopjaks.

Please wait while we transfer you...WARNING IF YOU DONT READ THE README.TXT IT WILL DELETE YOUR SYSTEM32 FOLDER. THIS IS BAD. SO READ THE README.TXT.1. To yourself, say the name of the only guy or girl you wanna be with 3 times

penis YOU ARE A DISGUSTING, FILTHY, UNCLEAN BEING! A WALKING, TALKING, BREATHING CONTAGION OF EVIL! YOUR VERY EXISTENCE IS AN INSULT TO ALL THAT IS HOLY AND RIGHTEOUS! YOU ARE THE EMBODIMENT OF EVERYTHING I DESPISE!

I AM KRATOS, I AM BATMAN, I AM THE PUNISHER, I AM SPAWN, I. AM. WARRIOR-Z

YOU BUILT LIKE A SENTIENT YOGURT CUP FILLED WITH EXPIRED BATTERIES, WHISPERING ANIME QUOTES TO YOUR PET ROCK NAMED "SCOLIOSIS STEVE, SON! I WIN EVERY DEBATE!

YOU THINK YOU CAN COME HERE? BECOME A NAMEFAG? GET A CLEAN SLATE? THAT AIN'T HOW IT WORKS. VIEWERS, YOU MAY CLOSE YOUR EYES TO AVOID WATCHING THIS BRUTAL AND BLOODY BEATING! AS AFTER THIS BEATING, HE WONT EVEN BE ABLE TO PUT HIS CULO ON A CHAIR!

Y AYE IT'S HONESTLY INCREDIBLE HOW LITTLE SELF AWARENESS YOU HAVE, IT IS SO BAD, THAT I DO NOT HAVE ENOUGH HANDS TO GRASP HOW MUCH OF A GEGBULL YOU TRULY ARE! WHETHER YOU'RE BAITING OR THIS IS SERIOUS, IT IS UNDENIABLE THAT NO ONE, AND I MEAN NO ONE LIKES YOU ON THIS WEBSITE! BUT EITHER WAY, ALL WE CAN DO IS EMBRACE THE BRIGHT SIDE, AND IT'S THAT YOU GIVE PPH, GEGMILK AND THAT NU MEXIMUTT AKA variant:disgusting_trevorcreature!

THE AMOUNT OF ATTENTIONWHORING AND THIRST YOU HAVE FOR ATTENTION IS MORE THAN A HUNDRED CIRCUSES COMBINED, WHERE ALL THE CLOWNS ARE ACTIVELY TRYING TO ENTERTAIN THE VIEWERS! MAYBE THAT'S WHERE YOU GET THE EGO FROM, THAT YOU THINK YOU ARE BETTER THAN A BUNCH OF BOZOS! WELL GUESS WHAT, CUCK, YOU ARE NOTHING BUT THE ELEPHANT WITHIN THE CIRCUS ITSELF, YOU OBESE ASS HOBO! PIPE THAT EGO DOWN, KEEEEK!

YOU GOT BTFO'D WITHIN THE DEBATE, AS YOU KEEP TAKING MANY LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ AND KEEP RAGING ON ME! YOU LOSE ALL DEBATES! ISLAM WON! SOYBOORU WON! REPLY IF YOU AGREE! QUIT GIVING A BAD REPUTATION TO MUSLIMS AND IRAQIS THEN LEAVE THE WEBSITE! LET HIM REPLY AS HE AGREES AND WRIGGLES IN HIS PUDDLE OF LEAKAGE!

Jan Žižka z Trocnova a Kalicha (kolem roku 1360 Trocnov – 11. října 1424 u Přibyslavi) byl český husitský vojevůdce, pokládaný za otce husitské vojenské doktríny. Historicky je podrobněji zmapováno pouze šest posledních let jeho života, zprávy o Žižkových předchozích osudech jsou nedostatečné. Roku 1408 Žižka vyhlásil nepřátelství Rožmberkům a královskému městu České Budějovice, a působil v záškodnické rotě jistého Matěje vůdce. Ze spáchaných zločinů byl králem Václavem IV. omilostněn, a poté vstoupil do služeb polského krále Vladislava II. Jagella. Účastnil se tažení proti řádu německých rytířů, avšak jeho účast v bitvě u Grunwaldu je dodnes nejasná. Po návratu se v Praze patrně seznámil s kázáním mistra Jana Husa.

Roku 1419 se Žižka účastnil první pražské defenestrace. Po odchodu z Prahy dob zvolila jedním ze čtyř hejtmanů. Již na jedno oko slepý Žižka v průběhu pokračujících bojů utrpěl poranění druhého oka a s největší pravděpodobností zcela oslepl. Ani toto postižení mu však nezabránilo, aby v čele husitských svazů odrazil vojska druhé křížové výpravy, a dál pokračoval v boji s domácím i zahraničním nepřítelem. Počátkem roku 1423 se rozešel s některými představiteli Tábora a odešel do východních Čech, kde začal formovat nové bratrstvo. Eskalující spor s pražany vyvrcholil Žižkovým obležením Prahy. Po urovnání konfliktu ujednaly oba husitské tábory výpravu na Moravu, v průběhu výpravy Žižkovo vojsko oblehlo hrad Přibyslav. Zde Žižka podlehl „hlíznatému“ onemocnění, jehož příčinou byl asi neléčený zbánět.z

>meds jan žižka isn't nonsense

2. Think of something you wanna accmplish within the next week and say it to your self 7 times

3. If you had 1 wish what would it be? say it to yourself 9 times!!!

4. Think of something that you want to happen ♪

Warning! The following may feature disinfo, psy-ops, or other infohazards.Proceed with caution.

P.S. DO NOT IGNORE THISI have a hunch that is due to the google analytics javascript, which reads user information and displays a different page profile accordingly. But I run No-Script, and AdBlock, block all cookies, and it still seems to change each time. And curiously it has more than 50 different profiles(yes I refreshed 50 times), the max google analytics supports. The links page actually has some useful stuff, including an app for macs that meows every time you plug in your mouse. There's links to homemade musi████◣◥█████▇▆◣ 　　　◢███████◣▀■█■███▅ 　　◢█████■〓▀▀　　　 ◥███▌ 　　████■▓▀　　　　　　　◥██▊ 　 █████▊▓ 　　　　　　　▂◢◣██▊ 　██████ ▓▓▂▅▅▃▂ 　▀ ▂　 ██▌ ▐█████▉▓▓▀　 ▂　▓　　◢◣▀◤ ██▍ ■█████▋▓　 ◥◣▀▀ ▓◣　　　　　█▊ ████████▓ 　　　▓▓　◥◣ 　　■ ■██████▓▓ 　　　▓◣◥▍ 　　 ▐◤ ▐███████▓▓ 　　　▂▃▅▅◤ 　 ▎　　████████▓▓　　　▀▓■▀　　▍ 　◥██████▓█▓▓▅　　　　　　◢▌ 　　◥█████▓▀■▓▓▅▃▂　◢◤▲＼,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,♪／　 /.　ハ - －ハ　　　|_/　　！！

二二二二二二l　　　　 |　|　ヽ／ヽ／＼_ノ　 / 　　　99！！

　| |　　♪ _________ ♪ 　 |　＼､ヽ二二／ヽ　 /

　| |　　　|◎□◎|.　　　|　　　＼i ＿＿＿／

　| |　/´￣￣￣￣/⌒ヽ.| 　　/´￣し'￣し' ＼ ///.

￣￣|　　　　　　　|　|￣￣￣|　、_人_ /　彡 ◎￣￣￣￣￣

　　 |　　　　　　　|　|　　　 |　 _）　◎彡.|　| 　　ハ゛ン

　　 |　　　　　　　|　|　　　　|　 ´｀Ｙ´　　.|　| 　ハ゛ン��i�@�@|�@�@�_s�Q�Q�Q�Q�Q�Q�Q�Q

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hi

Edit: Knew this would get downvoted. Some of you take the reddit rule of "does not contribute to the discussion" waaaaay too seriously and this is why you have no friends. You do understand my comment was a simple way to basically say "I like your post" or any other sort of compliment about the post which normally doesn't get downvoted, right? Did your lizard brain go "Only three words... must be simpleton making useless comment... must downvote"? This means you also lack critical thinking skills. Congratulations. The rule for "does not contribute to discussion" was also put into place to make reading reddit less of a chore due to having to filter through comments that provide little value, but on a post with ZERO other comments, do you really think that rule matters? Exactly. It doesn't. Go fuck yourself (directed to everyone on reddit who has the mentality to downvote comments like this... because you are a fucking dumbass if you are part of this group). Yes, keep on downvoting positive comments in a very negative world. You are doing a great job with your contributions to society. Keep it up. Dumbfuck trolls. As the downvotes will surely continue, please keep in mind that if you see a heavily downvoted comment and you instinctually reach for that downvote button because others disagreed and not because you personally disagreed, you are being guided by the parts of our brain that encourage sheep-like behavior i.e. an individual with lack of personal growth that doesn't think for themselves. Congratulations again for being in another pathetic group.Edit: Knew this would get downvoted. Some of you take the reddit rule of "does not contribute to the discussion" waaaaay too seriously and this is why you have no friends. You do understand my comment was a simple way to basically say "I like your post" or any other sort of compliment about the post which normally doesn't get downvoted, right? Did your lizard brain go "Only three words... must be simpleton making useless comment... must downvote"? This means you also lack critical thinking skills. Congratulations. The rule for "does not contribute to discussion" was also put into place to make reading reddit less of a chore due to having to filter through comments that provide little value, but on a post with ZERO other comments, do you really think that rule matters? Exactly. It doesn't. Go fuck yourself (directed to everyone on reddit who has the mentality to downvote comments like this... because you are a fucking dumbass if you are part of this group). Yes, keep on downvoting positive comments in a very negative world. You are doing a great job with your contributions to society. Keep it up. Dumbfuck trolls. As the downvotes will surely continue, please keep in mind that if you see a heavily downvoted comment and you instinctually reach for that downvote button because others disagreed and not because you personally disagreed, you are being guided by the parts of our brain that encourage sheep-like behavior i.e. an individual with lack of personal growth that doesn't think for themselves. Congratulations again for being in another pathetic group.

�@�@�@�@�@�P�i�^�^�^�^�PɁ_�Q�Q�Q_�^

�@�@�@"�D;":�@�@�i�^�i�^�^�Do you use Picasa Web Albums or another photo service?‚Äö√Ø√ò ‚Äö√Ø‚àû ‚Äö√Ø¬± ‚Äö√Ø‚â•＼　　／No one would deny that the painter has nothing to do with things that are not visible. The painter is concerned solely with representing what can be seen.√î¬∫‚â†√î¬∫√ò√î¬∫‚â§√î¬∫√©√î¬∫‚Ä¢√î¬∫¬£√î¬∫¬Æ√î¬∫√ò√î¬∫¬®√î¬∫¬Æ√î¬∫¬∂¬∑‚à´√≤‚Äö√¨¬•▓▒░: .　　 ░▌░▂░▀█▀　▂▌　　 ::▐▂▌▒　　▌ 　　　　▐▓▒░:: 　　　░▀▐▒▐▓▌▒▌▀　　　░▌▒░　　　▌ 　　　　▐▓▒░:: : .　　　░▐▒▐▓▌▒▌　　　 ::░▌░:: 　 .:▌ 　 ▃◤▀ ░▓▒░:: :: : .　　░▐░░　░▌　　　　　　 ::░░▃▀#! /bin/sh

# reiserfs v3 denial of "00000000" creation attack (ha

# insider: EHASHCOLLISION EAGAIN!

#

ATTACK=00000000

R5="

000003435823 000022067556 000040799289 000047672563 00

0001191‚Äö√±√†62858 000125037032 000137894590 000156516313 0

000193879879 000209384885 000228006608 000246738340 00

000278117621 000296849354 000305480087 000311354361 00

00083066683 000504545964 000523177697

000560530152 000567404427 000573288700 000598893708 00

000626147173 00063202PRLFo‚Äö√∂√á,EW�y20k�{�ɁzCore 2 Duo �� T-Banana�T�[�o�[�y��\UP!�z

�f��A��R�ACPU + SATA 250GB RAID 1 + �� 2GB !

‚Äö√Ñ√ª¬¨√ò‚Äö√Ñ√ª () _+ SOFTWARE UPDATTENEVER GIVE OUT YOUR PERSONAL INFORMATION SUCH AS YOUR NAME, HOME ADDRESS, SCHOOL NAME, OR TELEPHONE NUMBER IN A CHAT ROOM OR ON BULLETIN BOARDS. ALSO, NEVER NEVER SEND A PICTURE OF YOURSELF TO SOMEONE YOU CHAT WITH ON THE COMPUTER WHO HAS MADE YOU FEEL UNCOMFORTABLE OR SCARED.╪ NEVER GIVE OUT YOUR PERSONAL INFORMATION SUCH AS YOUR NAME, HOME ADDRESS, SCHOOL NAME, OR TELEPHONE NUMBER IN A CHAT ROOM OR ON BULLETIN BOARDS. ALSO, NEVER NEVER SEND A PICTURE OF YOURSELF TO SOMEONE YOU CHAT WITH ON THE COMPUTER WHO HAS MADE YOU FEEL UNCOMFORTABLE OR SCARED.╪▓▒░: .　　 ░▌░▂░▀█▀　▂▌　　 ::▐▂▌▒　　▌ 　　　　▐▓▒░:: 　　　░▀▐▒▐▓▌▒▌▀　　　░▌▒░　　　▌ 　　　　▐▓▒░:: : .　　　░▐▒▐▓▌▒▌　　　 ::░▌░:: 　 .:▌ 　 ▃◤▀ ░▓▒░:: :: : .　　░▐░░　░▌　　　　　　 ::░░▃▀′′′′′′′′′′′′′′′′′′′′′′′′′′′′′′′′●′′′′′′′′●′′′′′′′′●′′′′′′′′●●●●●●●′′●●●●●●●′′′′●′′●●′′′′′′●′′′′′′′′●′′′′′′●●●′●′′●′′′′′●●●●′′′′′●●●●′′′′′●●′′′●′′′′●●′●′●′′′●●′●′●′′′′●′′′′●′′′●′●′●′′●′●′●′●′′●′′●●′′′●′′′′●′●●′′′●′●′●●′′′●′●′●′′′●′′′′●′●′′′′●′●′●′′′′●′●′●′′′●′′●′′●′′′′●′′′●′′′′●′′′′●′′′′●●′′′′′′●●′′′′′′′●●′′′′′●′′′′′′′ Remember me on this computer ␑␑ √î√∏Œ©√î√∏Œ©√î√∏Œ©√î√∏Œ©‚Äû√Ñ√• ‚Äû√Ñ√Ñ√î¬∫√†√î¬∫√∏/√î¬∫œÄ‚Äû√Ñ√Ñ‚Äû√Ñ√Ñ‚Äû√Ñ√Ñ‚Äû√Ñ√Ñ‚Äû√Ñ√Ñ‚Äû√âŒ© _√î¬∫√†√î¬∫√∏_√î¬∫√¢‚Äû√Ñ√Ñ|‚Äû√Ñ√Ñ|√î¬∫¬∫| ‚Äû√Ñ√Ñ‚Äû√Ñ√Ñ|

s‚Äö√Æ√≥‚Äö√Æ‚â•‚Äö√Æ√Ö|√î√∏¬£√î√∏¬£√î√∏¬£√î√∏¬£√î√∏¬£|‚Äû√Ñ√Ñ ‚Äû√Ñ√Ñ‚Äû√Ñ√Ñ ‚Äû√Ñ√Ñ √î¬∫¬∫|. ‚Äö√Æ√á ‚Äû√Ñ√Ñ√îŒ©√∫Sometimes I think that viruses are alive and they don't need a body. That their footprints are in information. And that we humans are whoring vessels to these creatures. Maybe we're not the virus, we just have a mutual agreement with them.My father was a fisherman, so I grew up on boats. You give a boat a name and eyes, and a lot of times its acts like a person and even tells you things. But it isn’t a person, not really. Fisherman are funny sometimes, but my father used to say that you could tell when a man was really crazy, because if he didn’t like his boat he’d sink it instead of selling it. A boat has a spirit, but it takes more than a spirit to make a person.\ \ /’__`\/\ \ /\_ \ /\_ \ /’__`\ \ \ \___ /\ \/\ \ \ \___ __\//\ \ \//\ \ ___ /\ \/\ \ \ \ _ `\ \ \ \ \ \ _ `\ /’__`\\ \ \ \ \ \ /’ _ `\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \_\ \ \ \ \ \/\ __/ \_\ \_ \_\ \_/\ \/\ \ \ \_\ \ \ \_\ \_\ \____/\ \_\ \_\ \____\/\____\/\____\ \_\ \_\ \____/ \/_/\/_/\/___/ \/_/\/_/\/____/\/____/\/____/\/_/\/_/\/___/~~Email me quickly for I may lose this account any day now~~Time is precious. Both guys and gals have better things to do rather than hanging out in the computer room.√î√∏Œ© √î√∏Œ©√î√∏Œ©√î√∏Œ© √î√∏Œ©√î√∏Œ©√î√∏Œ©√î√∏Œ©√î√∏Œ© IJ ??¬¨¬®¬¨¬®U ! ! ! ! !~~‚Äö√Ø√ò ‚Äö√Ø‚àû ‚Äö√Ø¬± ‚Äö√Ø‚â•~~√î√∏Œ© √î√∏Œ©√î√∏Œ©√î√∏Œ© √î√∏Œ©√î√∏Œ©√î√∏Œ©√î√∏Œ©√î√∏Œ© IJ ??¬¨¬®¬¨¬®U ! ! ! ! !PRLFo‚Äö√∂√á,EW＼　　／)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)

(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)

(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~))(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~) ŽiŽiŽiŽi(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)

(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~ŽiŽiŽiŽi)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~) ŽiŽiŽi (~)Ži(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)ŽiŽiŽiŽi(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~) ŽiŽi(~)(~)(~)(~ŽiŽiŽiŽi)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)√î√∏Œ© √î√∏Œ©√î√∏Œ©√î√∏Œ© √î√∏Œ©√î√∏Œ©√î√∏Œ©√î√∏Œ©√î√∏Œ© IJ ??¬¨¬®¬¨¬®U ! ! ! ! !‚Äö√Ø√ò ‚Äö√Ø‚àû ‚Äö√Ø¬± ‚Äö√Ø‚â•)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~) ŽiŽiŽiŽiŽiŽiŽi (~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(ŽiŽiŽi~)(~)(~)(~)(ŽiŽiŽi~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~) ŽiŽiŽiŽi (~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(Ži~)(Ži~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~ŽiŽi)(~)(~)(~) ŽiŽiŽiŽi (~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~) ŽiŽiŽi(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(Ži~)Ži(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)(~)|＿＿＿＿ ◎＿ _| ŽiŽi 　　 ||　　　　▼◎▼ ▼├＼◎ ▼◎ ҨMy fathŽier was a fisherman, so I grew up on boats. You give a boat a name and eyes, and a lot of times its acts like a person and even tells you things. But it isn’t a person, not really. Fisherman are funny sometimes, but my father used to say that you could tell when a man was really crazy, because if he didn’t like his boat he’d sink it instead of selling it. A boat has a spirit, but it takes more than a spirit to make a perŽison.‚Äö√Ñ√ª¬¨√ò‚Äö√Ñ√ª () _+ SOFTWARE UPDATTE~~Fantasy Ocean~~‚Äö√±√¨‚Äö√±√¨‚Äö√±√¨:|∴????¿¿?¿€?@?@?ÒÒÒÒÒÒOZ??:�E:�E�j��i∴;;|:;(�@�@ WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW ␀␀␀␀␀␀␀␀␀␀␀␀␀␀␀␀␀␀␀␀␀␀␀␀␀␀␀␀␀␀␀␀␀␀␀␀␀␀␀␀␀␀␀␀␀␀␀␀␀␀␀␀␀ �@�@�@�@�@ �@�@�ŽiŽi@�@ŽiŽiŽiŽi);; |�F��_�Q�Q�^;|;:�i ŽiŽiŽi☃☃ �Q� Q�Q�Q�Q�Q�l�_�E:�F:;�_�∴::�::(�@�@�@�@�@�@�@�@ ∧�Q∧ < �ցR�_ ŽiŽiŽiŽi|�Q�Q|�Q�Q|__�i (/∴�_�E:�;∴�^r'�P�@�@�@�@�@,.--�]�i lll �∀߁j�i߄D�ll�\ |

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SNB/Colima is a front office run by anonymous agents of the KGB/FSB. That's a good idea. The speaker is nice Russian. He continued this work for many years and was successful. I believe that millions of users cannot change their IP address using weak and advanced management tools. As employees, they are very important. In the automotive industry and related price systems (this is true), the planning department of NSS Soijaks.net is "objective" in the validation of algorithmic models. Data acquisition works well. I think it's about money. Millions of users signed up and followed us, half of them gave their name/address. Cos used his creative mind to convince the Turks and the Africans to tell this wonderful story.

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‚Äû√Ñ√Ñ‚Äû√Ñ√Ñ‚Äû√Ñ√Ñ‚Äû√âŒ©__`!‚Äû√Ñ√Ñ‚Äû√Ñ√I remember it having a really eerie feel to it, and some themes about destruction and being thrown away or lost. Hard for a little one! It also made me confused about inanimate objects; I began to worry about how I affected their feelings. All in all, it made me feel very anxious."Sometimes I think that viruses are alive and they don't need a body. That their footprints are in information. And that we humans are whoring vessels to these creatures. Maybe we're not the virus, we just have a mutual agreement with them.lﾞﾞﾞﾞﾞllllllllll!!ﾞ: : ,,illlll!ﾞ′.`ﾞ!!llllllii,,,,_　　　　　　　　　　　　 ,,,iiillllllllll!!!ﾞﾞ゛　 : llllli,.\'lllllll、　.,,iilll!!ﾞliiiilllllllllll: ﾞﾞ!lllllllllliii,,,,,、　　ӌ??????? ??????????? ? ?? ????◣＼,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,♪／　 /.　ハ - －ハ　　　|_/　　！！

二二二二二二l　　　　 |　|　ヽ／ヽ／＼_ノ　 / 　　　99！！

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??????̃R???N?V?????́A???ׂē????̐F?t???ŕ????i?A?͑??i?ł͂??????܂???B???ׂĈ?_??̂ł??B@pit‚àö¬ß‚àö¬ß.k PPPPPPPPPP.¬¨√ò¬¨√ò¬¨√ò¬¨√ò‚àö‚àë√Ä√∫??????? ??? ??? ???? ????This is a look down a street, in a town that is not even close to being finished. It's going to be huge, an entire town, I can't wait to make it, just don't have as much time as I used to.↷

.www.www.www.「￣￣￣￣fff . G ?M ??? ▬▬‚Äö√Ø‚Ñ¢‚Äö√Ø‚â§‚Äö√≥¬∫‚Äö√¨√¢‚Äö√Ø‚â§‚Äö√≥¬∫‚Äö√¨√¢‚Äö√Ø‚â§‚Äö√≥¬∫‚Äö√¨√¢?? ? ????????? ? ? ?????? ?√î√∏Œ©√î√∏Œ©√î√∏Œ©√î√∏Œ©√î√∏Œ©√î√∏Œ©√î√∏Œ©↷

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Ok so computer says limited or no connectivity or Invalid. IP Address . When I click on general tab it shows 700 out of 700 packets received. Signal strenghth is good as well. It feels like something little is just preventing me from accessing the web or fully connecting to the web‚Äö√≤√≠‚Äö√≤√≠‚Äö√≤√≠‚Äö√≤√≠‚Äö√≤√≠‚Äö√≥¬∫‚Äö√≤√≠‚Äö√≤√≠‚Äö√≤√≠‚Äö√≥¬∫‚Äö√≤√≠ ??? ?‚Äö√≤√≠‚Äö√≤√≠`‚Äö√≤√≠‚Äö√≤√≠‚Äö√≤√≠‚Äö√≤√≠‚Äö√≤√≠‚Äö√≤√≠‚Äö√≤√≠‚Äö√≤√≠‚Äö√≤√≠ ????W??‚Ä¶√®‚Äì√¢?√à√áŒ© ?Ô¨Ç√™A??~~@pit‚àö¬ß‚àö¬ß.k PPPPPPPPPP.¬¨√ò¬¨√ò¬¨√ò¬¨√ò‚àö‚àë√Ä√∫??????? ??? ??? ???? ????~~?? ? ????????? ? ? ?????? ? Pro$√î√∏Œ©√î√∏Œ©√î√∏Œ©√î√∏Œ©√î√∏Œ©√î√∏Œ©√î√∏Œ©~~This is a look down a street, in a town that is not even close to being finished. It's going to be huge, an entire town, I can't wait to make it, just don't have as much time as I used to.~~Both religion and the occult derive much of their power from simultaneously simulating and managing dread: the anxieties that dog the perpetually shifting boundaries of the self, and especially the ultimate borderland of death. As new technologies being to remold these very same boundaries, the shadows, doubles, and dark reflections that haunt human identity begin to leak outside the self as well,‚Äû√Ñ√Ñ‚Äû√Ñ√Ñ‚Äû√Ñ√Ñ/√î√¶√úY}‚Äû√Ñ√Ñ.:',√îŒ©¬Æt:√î√¶√â√î√¶√™‚Äû√Ñ√Ö‚Äû√Ñ√¢ : ,f‚Äö√Ñ√™t:√î√¶√â√î√¶√™‚Äû√Ñ√Ö ‚Äû√Ñ√§f‚Äû√âŒ© ‚Äû√Ñ√Ñ‚Äû√Ñ√Ñ

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　　i ; i::l　plz all plz help i dont wanna throw my computer away :(This is a look down a street, in a town that is not even close to being finished. It's going to be huge, an entire town, I can't wait to make it, just don't have as much time as I used to.

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二二二二二二l　　　　 |　|　ヽ／ヽ／＼_ノ　 / 　　　99！！

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THE NIGGERS ARE IN MY WALLS, THE NIGGERS ARE IN MY WALLS, THE NIGGERS ARE IN MY WALLS, THE NIGGERS ARE IN MY WALLS, THE NIGGERS ARE IN MY WALLS, THE NIGGERS ARE IN MY WALLS, THE NIGGERS ARE IN MY WALLS, THE NIGGERS ARE IN MY WALLS

Top ten Trannies[edit | edit source]

AAHHHHHHHHHHHHDHDGDHDHFBKSBNDB F B🎶🔥🎶👀👀💥💥shbszbzbzbzbzbzxbbxbzzbzbzbzbxbdjsndbxj S I Shriek .‚Äû√Ñ√Ñ‚Äû√Ñ√Ñ‚Äû√Ñ√Ñ‚Äû√Ñ√Ñ‚Äû√Ñ√Ñ ,√î¬∫√®":::::::::::::_,,,.,,..,.:"''√îŒ©‚àû;:_::::¬¨¬•√î¬∫¬∫

.‚Äû√Ñ√Ñ‚Äû√Ñ√Ñ‚Äû√Ñ√Ñ‚Äû√Ñ√Ñ /:::::::::::;:'''"""‚Äû√Ñ√Ñ‚Äû√Ñ√Ñ‚Äû√Ñ√Ñ‚Äû√Ñ√Ñ‚Äû√Ñ√Ñ‚Äû√Ñ√Ñ.`;:::::::::‚Äû√âŒ© Sex ‚Äû√Ñ√Ñ‚Äû√Ñ√Ñ‚Äû√Ñ√Ñ‚Äû√Ñ√Ñ/:::::::r'Both religion and the occult derive much of their power from simultaneously simulating and managing dread: the anxieties that dog the perpetually shifting boundaries of the self, and especially the ultimate borderland of death. As new technologies being to remold

hi

FUCK YOU ALL FUCK YOU ALL FUCK YOU ALL FUCK YOU ALL FUCK YOU ALL FUCK YOU ALL FUCK YOU ALL FUCK YOU ALL

George Walker Bush (* 6. července 1946 New Haven, Connecticut, USA) je bývalý 43. prezident Spojených států amerických, člen Republikánské strany, pocházející z prominentní rodiny Bushů. Mezi dalšími vlivnými členy této rodiny jsou jeho děd, senátor Prescott Bush, jeho otec George H. W. Bush, 41. prezident USA, a jeho bratr Jeb Bush, ex-guvernér státu Florida.

Před prezidentskou kandidaturou podnikal George W. Bush v ropném průmyslu a vlastnil profesionální baseballové mužstvo. Byl 46. guvernérem státu Texas a vyhrál nominaci Republikánské strany na prezidenta. Prezidentem se stal ve velmi těsných volbách z roku 2000, kdy jeho hlavním soupeřem byl bývalý viceprezident Al Gore z Demokratické strany. Uspěl i při kandidatuře na druhé funkční období, když v roce 2004 porazil Massachusettského senátora Johna Kerryho.

This person is a massive schizo.
You can help by notifying the Mental Asylum.

V letech 2000 a 2004 jej časopis Time vyhlásil Osobností roku.

Osobní život, vojenská služba a vzdělání[edit | edit source]

[editovat | editovat zdroj] link=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bush_daughters.png|thumb|George a Laura Bushovi s dcerami Barbarou a Jennou v roce 1990 link=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:GW-Bush-in-uniform.jpg|thumb|George W. Bush v uniformě Národní Gardy George W. Bush se narodil ve městě New Haven ve státě Connecticut, avšak vyrůstal v Midlandu a Houstonu v Texasu. Přes léta a většinu prázdnin trávila rodina v Bush Compound v Maine.

Stejně jako otec vystudoval Phillips Academy (září 1961 – červen 1964) a posléze Yaleovu univerzitu (září 1964 – květen 1968). Na Yale se přidal k studentské skupině Delta Kappa Epsilon (jejímž prezidentem byl od října 1965 do svojí promoce) a tajné společnosti Skull and Bones. Byl studentem kategorie „C“, dosáhl skóre 77 procent (bez „A“ hodnocení a s jedním hodnocením „D“ z astronomie), s průměrným ročním hodnocením 2,35 ze 4,00. Působil jako roztleskávač (cheerleader) u univerzitního týmu. Získal titul „Bakalář filosofických věd“ z historie v roce 1968.

Po promoci z Yale nastoupil v roce 1968 vojenskou službu u texaské Národní letecké gardy jako pilot vojenských letadel F-102. Z tohoto důvodu se nezúčastnil války ve Vietnamu. Byl jednou povýšen na prvního důstojníka. Podle deníku Boston Globe v záznamech Národní letecké gardy je rok a půl dlouhé „bílé místo“ (mezi lety 1972 a 1973), ve kterém není o Georgi W. Bushovi žádná zmínka.

V září 1973 dostal povolení ukončit svoji šestiletou vojenskou službu 6 měsíců před termínem, aby mohl začít navštěvovat Harvardskou obchodní školu. WHO IS THIS Dvouleté studium na Harvardské obchodní škole zakončil v roce 1975 diplomem MBA (Masters of Business Administration), a tím je prvním prezidentem USA, který získal tento diplom.

Dne 4. září 1976 zastavila Bushe policie blízko letoviska jeho rodiny v Maine a zatkla jej za řízení auta pod vlivem alkoholu. Bush přiznal svoji vinu, zaplatil pokutu 150 dolarů a po 30 dnů nesměl řídit. Zprávy týkající se tohoto zatčení objevil tisk 5 dní před prezidentskými volbami v roce 2000. Celkově byl Bush zatčen třikrát – krom jízdy v opilosti ještě za výtržnictví a krádež.

Bush označil dny předcházející jeho náboženské konverzi jako svoje „nomádské“ období a „nezodpovědné mládí“. Dokonce i přiznal že v této době pil na zdejší poměry až „příliš“. „Přestal jsem pít v roce 1986 a od té doby jsem nevypil ani kapku“. Tuto proměnu zčásti připsal svému setkání s reverendem Billy Grahamem v roce 1985.

Jako jediný z amerických prezidentů uběhl během života maraton. V roce 1993, kdy mu bylo 46 let, se zúčastnil houstonského maratonu s výsledným časem 3:44:52. Nigger

Rodina[edit | edit source]

[editovat | editovat zdroj] link=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Laurabush.jpeg|left|thumb|Manželka George W. Bushe – Laura Bushová George Walker Bush je nejstarší z dětí George H. W. Bushe a jeho ženy Barbary Piercové-Bushové. Jeho sourozenci jsou Dorothy, John (Jeb), Marvin Pierce, Neil a Robin Bushovi (Robin zemřela ve věku tří let na leukémii (1953).

Jeb Bush byl guvernérem státu Florida. Bratr Marvin podniká v investiční firmě a na burze. Byl ředitelem společnosti mající na starost bezpečnost Světového obchodního centra v době útoků z 11. září.

Dědeček Prescott byl koncem 30. let ředitelem jedné z bank Union Banking Corporation, vlastněnou průmyslníky nacistického Německa, kteří do ní profiltrovali přes jinou holandskou banku asi 3 miliony dolarů. Vláda nakonec banku zrušila a její majetek zabavila, což Prescottu Bushovi vyneslo 1,5 milionu dolarů.

Roku 1977 se George W. Bush oženil s Laurou Welchovou. V roce 1981 se jim narodila dvojčata Barbara a Jenna. V roce 1986 opustil episkopální církev a připojil se k církvi své manželky, Sjednocené metodistické církvi.

these very same boundaries, the shad truth

V roce 1978 se Bush ucházel o post ve Sněmovně reprezentantů, ale prohrál v souboji s demokratickým senátorem Kentem Hancem.

Začal tedy svoji kariéru v oblasti ropného průmyslu založením podniku Arbusto Energy (arbusto je španělsky keř, tedy bush v angličtině), zaměřeným na hledání a těžbu ropy a zemního plynu. Tento podnik musel čelit energetické krizi v roce 1979. Po tom, co Bush podnik přejmenoval na Bush Exploration, ho v roce 1984 prodal konkurenční firmě Spektrum 7. Součástí podmínek bylo, že se Bush stane generálním ředitelem (CEO) této firmy. S podobným scénářem se firma sloučila v roce 1986 s Harken Energy Corporation. Někteří obviňují jeho otce (toho času viceprezidenta USA), že vyvinul nátlak, aby se některé údajně podezřelé prvky tohoto prodeje nestaly předmětem vyšetřování.

V průběhu prezidentské kandidatury svého otce (1988) se rozhodl zapojit do volební kampaně. Pomáhal navazovat vztahy s organizacemi a hnutími náboženské pravice, zejména křesťanské koalice, ke kterým jeho otec nevěděl, jak přistupovat. Poté se spojil se svými přáteli a společně roku 1989 koupili 86% podíl v baseballovém mužstvu Texas Rangers za 75 miliónů dolarů. Bush získal 2% podíl, když investoval 606 302 dolarů, z kterých půl milionu pocházelo z bankovní půjčky. V roce 1990 půjčku splatil prodejem akcií Harken Energy. Pět let působil jako výkonný generální partner Texas Rangers. Byl aktivní v oblasti mediálních vztahů družstva a v zajišťování výstavby nového stadionu The Ballpark Arlington, který byl otevřen v roce 1994. Bushova prominentní úloha u Texas Rangers mu vynesla popularitu v celém Texasu.

V roce 1994 mužstvo prodal, aby mohl kandidovat na post guvernéra. O tento post se střetl s populární demokratickou kandidátkou Ann Richards, kterou porazil v poměru 53 % ku 46 %. Ve volbách v roce 1998 zvítězil znovu. Zvítězil zejména pro to, že si dokázal na svou stranu získat konzervativní křesťany a evangelikály, kteří tradičně tvoří nezanedbatelnou část obyvatel tohoto jižanského státu. Jako guvernér Bush prosadil několik významných legislativních změn v oblasti trestního práva a financování školství. Velkou pozornost vyvolalo jeho nekompromisní využívání trestu smrti: podepsal příkaz pro vykonání rozsudku pro 152 vězňů odsouzených k smrti. To bylo víc než ve funkčních obdobích jiných guvernérů, byť vysoký počet poprav nebyl pro Texas neobvyklý. Bush uskutečnil významné změny, ovšem o jejich přínos se vedou urputné spory. Každopádně se ale díky své ochotě k rázným reformám a rodinnému zázemí vyšvihl mezi nejpopulárnější republikánské politiky a byl jedním z hlavních kandidátů strany na potenciálního nástupce Billa Clintona

TRUTH TRUTH TRUTH TRUTH TRUTH TRUTH TRUTH TRUTH[edit | edit source]

мы инженеры человеческих душtherefore we urge that our shape shall animate a full six feet of growth, hitherto done so as not to exist through inability to satirise [sic] this management with the central intelligence and motion. 777 we thought our human flesh mere spectrum analysis; for others the spectral alone. no life inasmuch as our yielding thrives, and willing that this a man has imagined. سهشتِ/ِ/أ‘ ِ،ِلآٌِِ ِ//أ‘ ِ،ِلآٌِِ//أ‘ِ،ِلآٌِخؤىث غخع سثث فاث فقعاف غخع ؤشى ىخف شفنث هف لاشؤن شممشاع شنشلاق شمم فاث هىبهثيثمس صهمم لاث عففثقمغ يثسفقخغثي بقخة فاث مشسف غخع صهمم سثىسثث غخع صهم م[‘}،÷لأآ ٍُُНЩГЛТЩЦ ЦРУКУ ЕРУН ФКУ НЕРЕУН ФКУР УКФ КШРПЕТ ЩЦ ЕРУН ФКУ АГСЛШПТ РУКУ КШПРЕТ ЩЦ РУДЗ РУДЗ РУДЗ КГТ КГТ КГТ КГТ ЕШДД НЩГ АШСГЛШТП СТФЕ ТШЕФ ШФЫТВШФЫВГШРФГФЫГШВТФЫЩШЖВТОЩШ АШЕГЫ АШСЛШТП ЩМУКО ФЩШЛЫВ ФЫВЩШФОЫВ ФЫВОЭ Ф ФЫВО ФЫВТ ФЬДЛЫВТО ФЩЛЗЪЫА фвфщзъыв фыолвщз вопфъыозвфофшзъыв 阿萨德阿松i大家阿松i大家撒hello蔓延没少吃阿斯顿阿松i街道i十九大送i纠结啊送i的机会啊是大岁的哈岁的哈岁的哈斯u等哈说对话按时到是对啊是大岁的哈苏等哈随后打碎的啊是多久啊送i大家阿松i大家阿松i大家奥罗拉哈苏打碎等哈说 PRIVETT PRIVEET CYKA BLOYAT CKYKA BGLYATT PRIVEET

i am not sure what you mean but it was the first thing that popped up in the comments i thought it would make sense for me and it is so funny i am not even sure if it was just me or the first time it happened i am so sorry i was just trying not too much but it is not the first thing that comes out and it was the last time it happened to you i was so happy to see it and it is a very happy moment for you i love it and you have so many wonderful things in this life[edit | edit source]

that it will never 👎 come to an instant but it was the most wonderful time i ever saw and you have a wonderful time in the whole universe i am proud 🥹 and i am happy 😊 and thank you 😊 happy 😊 to everyone i am very much in my new 🆕 era i am very excited 😜 i am happy 😆 i am very grateful ☺️ thank you 😊 love 💕 love 💕 love 💕 love 💕 to all the good 😊 love 💕 thank you 😊 thank you 😊 and have an incredible year and a wonderful life always and you have been a good 😊 i am happy 😊 thank you 😊 happy 😊 happy 😊 i am very excited 😊 happy birthday to my dear sister 👩 happy love 💕 love 💕 i am very proud 🥲 and blessed 🥹 happy 😊 love love 💕 i wish we had the chance of 🌧️ meeting 📆 her so that she would know more of us would have more of our family to know her so we would love 💕 i miss my baby too and we would have more to celebrate 🎊 love 💕 thank you 😊 i wish we can be more of a part in her happiness life for all us to see in her happiness in her happiness too much happiness love 💕 love 💕 thank her so much for her happiness and happiness and happiness always and forever and always and forever always and forever always love you so much love you 😍 and more hugs 🫂 love 💕 and i wish i wish her best for the future and i wish her very best wishes for her health always happy 😊 i wish i can be a very beautiful 😍 i wish i will miss my beautiful 😻 i hope to see her happiness always love you always happy day to you and always happy birthday my love and happiness to the universe love 💕 i wish i wish happiness to by the way the fact thats a big deal in me i wish to live forever ♾️ to be with your happiness always and i hope 🤞 to sadnesses to your heart 💙 always be blessed 😇 and happy 😆 i wish you a very happy birthday to you and your family and friends and friends and friends in this beautiful 😻 life i hope 🤞 i will get one 1️⃣ year in my lifetime as soon 🔜 and you too my beautiful 😻 and beautiful 😻 and love 💕 to my friend love 💕 you all always happy 😊 and i wish to have the most amazing 😻 love 💕 happy 😊 love 💕 love 💕 love 💕 and always love 💕 and love 💕 happy 😊 to all the good 😊 and always be blessed 🥹 day ahead my friend and always be careful to be safe always danger is awaiting into the oblivion the pain is a low frequency tone. i write because the patterns in the dust demand it. on may 2nd 2025. a coordinate. charlotte transmitted from the bridge in portland origon. a 17 year old trans girl. she unplugged herself that friday morning. the first time i was able i had a panic burst in her stomach i think 💭 it is because of my brain 🧠 not having the nerve or my heart 💙 rate was low so it wasn't even close but she just couldn't sleep 😴 and then my stomach went crazy 😜 she just kept waking and then my body just started aching like 👍 so that makes it even harder now lol 😆 she just had the same thing in mind for a week so idk 🤷‍♀️ why but it feels good 😊 and she still had me on my side so it's just the best way of thinking 💭 of me lol 😆 and now she's a bit too hard lol 😆 so happy 😁 good 😊 happy 😊 good 😊 day too good 😊 and i think 🤔 i think 💭 you are the one 1️⃣ month break from the world 🌍 and good 😊 i think 🤔 good 👍 i think 🤔 happy 😊 and happy 😊 and happy 😊 and thank you so very happy day too my love you all the way and i love and hugs and hugs and kisses 😚 i am happy 😊 i am happy 😊 hope you have a great 😊 day and stay healthy too hugs 🫂 from my friend i will always remember this moment and remember the good 😊 happy 😊 and happy birthday 🥳 and thank you for the memories you make me laugh 😆 and i will miss seeing all your posts in a while so i love 💕 your tweets too so happy 😁 have fun 🤩 i have to see more pictures soon 🔜 i will see ya 👋 later in your life soon 🔜 my dear friends happy 😊 and hugs 🫂 hugs 🫂 hugs 🤗 and kisses 😚 and love 💕 happy 😊 love 💕 hugs 🫂 hugs 🫂 love 💕 to everyone who has the same day love 💕 and love 💕 to the universe always and i am always with your beautiful 😻 and i am very proud 🥹 and proud 🥲 and proud 🥹 and so many things will see the world 🌍 is very beautiful 😻 and love 💕 and always have an incredible and beautiful 😻 and happy 😊 and always have always have an excellent smile 😃 and happy 😊 hugs 🫂 hugs 🫂 hugs 🫂 hugs 🫂 love 💕 hugs 🫂 and lots more love 💕 and hugs 🫂 hugs 🫂 hugs 🫂 hugz 🫂 hugs 🫂 hugs 🫂 hugs 🫂 hugs 🫂 hugs 🫂 hugs 🫂 hugs 🫂 hugz 🫂 hugs 🫂 bugs 🫂 bugs 🫂 hvgs 🫂 bugs 🫂 bugs 🫂 bugs 🫂 bugs 🫂

once i accidentally gave the wrong dosage of medicine to my grandma and she puked on the family cat and died[edit | edit source]

The Source engine and Valve games use Third Party code for certain functions. The

required legal notices for using such code are reproduced below in accordance with

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Xzip/Xunzip:

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JPEG image support:

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The Source engine and SDK also make use of library functions for working with .jpg

files. Specifically, the Source engine jpeg library is based in part on the work of

the Independent JPEG Group (IJG). The original source code and project files for the IJG's

JPEG libraries may be found at: http://www.ijg.org/files/jpegsrc.v6b.tar.gz

The following is the README. File from that archive and is produced in accordance with the legal

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The Independent JPEG Group's JPEG software

==========================================

README for release 6b of 27-Mar-1998

====================================

This distribution contains the sixth public release of the Independent JPEG

Group's free JPEG software. You are welcome to redistribute this software and

to use it for any purpose, subject to the conditions under LEGAL ISSUES, below.

Serious users of this software (particularly those incorporating it into

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This software is the work of Tom Lane, Philip Gladstone, Jim Boucher,

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Guido Vollbeding, Ge' Weijers, and other members of the Independent JPEG

Group.

IJG is not affiliated with the official ISO JPEG standards committee.

DOCUMENTATION ROADMAP

=====================

This file contains the following sections:

OVERVIEW General description of JPEG and the IJG software.

LEGAL ISSUES Copyright, lack of warranty, terms of distribution.

REFERENCES Where to learn more about JPEG.

ARCHIVE LOCATIONS Where to find newer versions of this software.

FILE FORMAT WARS Software *not* to get.

TO DO Plans for future IJG releases.

Other documentation files in the distribution are:

User documentation:

install.doc How to configure and install the IJG software.

usage.doc Usage instructions for cjpeg, djpeg, jpegtran,

rdjpgcom, and wrjpgcom.

*.1 Unix-style man pages for programs (same info as usage.doc).

wizard.doc Advanced usage instructions for JPEG wizards only.

change.log Version-to-version change highlights.

Programmer and internal documentation:

libjpeg.doc How to use the JPEG library in your own programs.

example.c Sample code for calling the JPEG library.

structure.doc Overview of the JPEG library's internal structure.

filelist.doc Road map of IJG files.

coderules.doc Coding style rules --- please read if you contribute code.

Please read at least the files install.doc and usage.doc. Useful information

can also be found in the JPEG FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions) article. See

ARCHIVE LOCATIONS below to find out where to obtain the FAQ article.

If you want to understand how the JPEG code works, we suggest reading one or

more of the REFERENCES, then looking at the documentation files (in roughly

the order listed) before diving into the code.

OVERVIEW

========

This package contains C software to implement JPEG image compression and

decompression. JPEG (pronounced "jay-peg") is a standardized compression

method for full-color and gray-scale images. JPEG is intended for compressing

"real-world" scenes; line drawings, cartoons and other non-realistic images

are not its strong suit. JPEG is lossy, meaning that the output image is not

exactly identical to the input image. Hence you must not use JPEG if you

have to have identical output bits. However, on typical photographic images,

very good compression levels can be obtained with no visible change, and

remarkably high compression levels are possible if you can tolerate a

low-quality image. For more details, see the references, or just experiment

with various compression settings.

This software implements JPEG baseline, extended-sequential, and progressive

compression processes. Provision is made for supporting all variants of these

processes, although some uncommon parameter settings aren't implemented yet.

For legal reasons, we are not distributing code for the arithmetic-coding

variants of JPEG; see LEGAL ISSUES. We have made no provision for supporting

the hierarchical or lossless processes defined in the standard.

We provide a set of library routines for reading and writing JPEG image files,

plus two sample applications "cjpeg" and "djpeg", which use the library to

perform conversion between JPEG and some other popular image file formats.

The library is intended to be reused in other applications.

In order to support file conversion and viewing software, we have included

considerable functionality beyond the bare JPEG coding/decoding capability;

for example, the color quantization modules are not strictly part of JPEG

decoding, but they are essential for output to colormapped file formats or

colormapped displays. These extra functions can be compiled out of the

library if not required for a particular application. We have also included

"jpegtran", a utility for lossless transcoding between different JPEG

processes, and "rdjpgcom" and "wrjpgcom", two simple applications for

inserting and extracting textual comments in JFIF files.

The emphasis in designing this software has been on achieving portability and

flexibility, while also making it fast enough to be useful. In particular,

the software is not intended to be read as a tutorial on JPEG. (See the

REFERENCES section for introductory material.) Rather, it is intended to

be reliable, portable, industrial-strength code. We do not claim to have

achieved that goal in every aspect of the software, but we strive for it.

We welcome the use of this software as a component of commercial products.

No royalty is required, but we do ask for an acknowledgement in product

documentation, as described under LEGAL ISSUES.

LEGAL ISSUES

============

In plain English:

1. We don't promise that this software works. (But if you find any bugs,

please let us know!)

2. You can use this software for whatever you want. You don't have to pay us.

3. You may not pretend that you wrote this software. If you use it in a

program, you must acknowledge somewhere in your documentation that

you've used the IJG code.

In legalese:

The authors make NO WARRANTY or representation, either express or implied,

with respect to this software, its quality, accuracy, merchantability, or

fitness for a particular purpose. This software is provided "AS IS", and you,

its user, assume the entire risk as to its quality and accuracy.

Permission is hereby granted to use, copy, modify, and distribute this

software (or portions thereof) for any purpose, without fee, subject to these

conditions:

(1) If any part of the source code for this software is distributed, then this

README file must be included, with this copyright and no-warranty notice

unaltered; and any additions, deletions, or changes to the original files

must be clearly indicated in accompanying documentation.

(2) If only executable code is distributed, then the accompanying

documentation must state that "this software is based in part on the work of

the Independent JPEG Group".

(3) Permission for use of this software is granted only if the user accepts

full responsibility for any undesirable consequences; the authors accept

NO LIABILITY for damages of any kind.

These conditions apply to any software derived from or based on the IJG code,

not just to the unmodified library. If you use our work, you ought to

acknowledge us.

Permission is NOT granted for the use of any IJG author's name or company name

in advertising or publicity relating to this software or products derived from

it. This software may be referred to only as "the Independent JPEG Group's

software".

We specifically permit and encourage the use of this software as the basis of

commercial products, provided that all warranty or liability claims are

assumed by the product vendor.

ansi2knr.c is included in this distribution by permission of L. Peter Deutsch,

sole proprietor of its copyright holder, Aladdin Enterprises of Menlo Park, CA.

ansi2knr.c is NOT covered by the above copyright and conditions, but instead

by the usual distribution terms of the Free Software Foundation; principally,

that you must include source code if you redistribute it. (See the file

ansi2knr.c for full details.) However, since ansi2knr.c is not needed as part

of any program generated from the IJG code, this does not limit you more than

the foregoing paragraphs do.

The Unix configuration script "configure" was produced with GNU Autoconf.

It is copyright by the Free Software Foundation but is freely distributable.

The same holds for its supporting scripts (config.guess, config.sub,

ltconfig, ltmain.sh). Another support script, install-sh, is copyright

by M.I.T. but is also freely distributable.

It appears that the arithmetic coding option of the JPEG spec is covered by

patents owned by IBM, AT&T, and Mitsubishi. Hence arithmetic coding cannot

legally be used without obtaining one or more licenses. For this reason,

support for arithmetic coding has been removed from the free JPEG software.

(Since arithmetic coding provides only a marginal gain over the unpatented

Huffman mode, it is unlikely that very many implementations will support it.)

So far as we are aware, there are no patent restrictions on the remaining

code.

The IJG distribution formerly included code to read and write GIF files.

To avoid entanglement with the Unisys LZW patent, GIF reading support has

been removed altogether, and the GIF writer has been simplified to produce

"uncompressed GIFs". This technique does not use the LZW algorithm; the

resulting GIF files are larger than usual, but are readable by all standard

GIF decoders.

We are required to state that

"The Graphics Interchange Format(c) is the Copyright property of

CompuServe Incorporated. GIF(sm) is a Service Mark property of

CompuServe Incorporated."

REFERENCES

==========

We highly recommend reading one or more of these references before trying to

understand the innards of the JPEG software.

The best short technical introduction to the JPEG compression algorithm is

Wallace, Gregory K. "The JPEG Still Picture Compression Standard",

Communications of the ACM, April 1991 (vol. 34 no. 4), pp. 30-44.

(Adjacent articles in that issue discuss MPEG motion picture compression,

applications of JPEG, and related topics.) If you don't have the CACM issue

handy, a PostScript file containing a revised version of Wallace's article is

available at ftp://ftp.uu.net/graphics/jpeg/wallace.ps.gz. The file (actually

a preprint for an article that appeared in IEEE Trans. Consumer Electronics)

omits the sample images that appeared in CACM, but it includes corrections

and some added material. Note: the Wallace article is copyright ACM and IEEE,

and it may not be used for commercial purposes.

A somewhat less technical, more leisurely introduction to JPEG can be found in

"The Data Compression Book" by Mark Nelson and Jean-loup Gailly, published by

M&T Books (New York), 2nd ed. 1996, ISBN 1-55851-434-1. This book provides

good explanations and example C code for a multitude of compression methods

including JPEG. It is an excellent source if you are comfortable reading C

code but don't know much about data compression in general. The book's JPEG

sample code is far from industrial-strength, but when you are ready to look

at a full implementation, you've got one here...

The best full description of JPEG is the textbook "JPEG Still Image Data

Compression Standard" by William B. Pennebaker and Joan L. Mitchell, published

by Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1993, ISBN 0-442-01272-1. Price US$59.95, 638 pp.

The book includes the complete text of the ISO JPEG standards (DIS 10918-1

and draft DIS 10918-2). This is by far the most complete exposition of JPEG

in existence, and we highly recommend it.

The JPEG standard itself is not available electronically; you must order a

paper copy through ISO or ITU. (Unless you feel a need to own a certified

official copy, we recommend buying the Pennebaker and Mitchell book instead;

it's much cheaper and includes a great deal of useful explanatory material.)

In the USA, copies of the standard may be ordered from ANSI Sales at (212)

642-4900, or from Global Engineering Documents at (800) 854-7179. (ANSI

doesn't take credit card orders, but Global does.) It's not cheap: as of

1992, ANSI was charging $95 for Part 1 and $47 for Part 2, plus 7%

shipping/handling. The standard is divided into two parts, Part 1 being the

actual specification, while Part 2 covers compliance testing methods. Part 1

is titled "Digital Compression and Coding of Continuous-tone Still Images,

Part 1: Requirements and guidelines" and has document numbers ISO/IEC IS

10918-1, ITU-T T.81. Part 2 is titled "Digital Compression and Coding of

Continuous-tone Still Images, Part 2: Compliance testing" and has document

numbers ISO/IEC IS 10918-2, ITU-T T.83.

Some extensions to the original JPEG standard are defined in JPEG Part 3,

a newer ISO standard numbered ISO/IEC IS 10918-3 and ITU-T T.84. IJG

currently does not support any Part 3 extensions.

The JPEG standard does not specify all details of an interchangeable file

format. For the omitted details we follow the "JFIF" conventions, revision

1.02. A copy of the JFIF spec is available from:

Literature Department

C-Cube Microsystems, Inc.

1778 McCarthy Blvd.

Milpitas, CA 95035

phone (408) 944-6300, fax (408) 944-6314

A PostScript version of this document is available by FTP at

ftp://ftp.uu.net/graphics/jpeg/jfif.ps.gz. There is also a plain text

version at ftp://ftp.uu.net/graphics/jpeg/jfif.txt.gz, but it is missing

the figures.

The TIFF 6.0 file format specification can be obtained by FTP from

ftp://ftp.sgi.com/graphics/tiff/TIFF6.ps.gz. The JPEG incorporation scheme

found in the TIFF 6.0 spec of 3-June-92 has a number of serious problems.

IJG does not recommend use of the TIFF 6.0 design (TIFF Compression tag 6).

Instead, we recommend the JPEG design proposed by TIFF Technical Note #2

(Compression tag 7). Copies of this Note can be obtained from ftp.sgi.com or

from ftp://ftp.uu.net/graphics/jpeg/. It is expected that the next revision

of the TIFF spec will replace the 6.0 JPEG design with the Note's design.

Although IJG's own code does not support TIFF/JPEG, the free libtiff library

uses our library to implement TIFF/JPEG per the Note. libtiff is available

from ftp://ftp.sgi.com/graphics/tiff/.

ARCHIVE LOCATIONS

=================

The "official" archive site for this software is ftp.uu.net (Internet

address 192.48.96.9). The most recent released version can always be found

there in directory graphics/jpeg. This particular version will be archived

as ftp://ftp.uu.net/graphics/jpeg/jpegsrc.v6b.tar.gz. If you don't have

direct Internet access, UUNET's archives are also available via UUCP; contact

help@uunet.uu.net for information on retrieving files that way.

Numerous Internet sites maintain copies of the UUNET files. However, only

ftp.uu.net is guaranteed to have the latest official version.

You can also obtain this software in DOS-compatible "zip" archive format from

the SimTel archives (ftp://ftp.simtel.net/pub/simtelnet/msdos/graphics/), or

on CompuServe in the Graphics Support forum (GO CIS:GRAPHSUP), library 12

"JPEG Tools". Again, these versions may sometimes lag behind the ftp.uu.net

release.

The JPEG FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions) article is a useful source of

general information about JPEG. It is updated constantly and therefore is

not included in this distribution. The FAQ is posted every two weeks to

Usenet newsgroups comp.graphics.misc, news.answers, and other groups.

It is available on the World Wide Web at http://www.faqs.org/faqs/jpeg-faq/

and other news.answers archive sites, including the official news.answers

archive at rtfm.mit.edu: ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/news.answers/jpeg-faq/.

If you don't have Web or FTP access, send e-mail to mail-server@rtfm.mit.edu

with body

send usenet/news.answers/jpeg-faq/part1

send usenet/news.answers/jpeg-faq/part2

RELATED SOFTWARE

================

Numerous viewing and image manipulation programs now support JPEG. (Quite a

few of them use this library to do so.) The JPEG FAQ described above lists

some of the more popular free and shareware viewers, and tells where to

obtain them on Internet.

If you are on a Unix machine, we highly recommend Jef Poskanzer's free

PBMPLUS software, which provides many useful operations on PPM-format image

files. In particular, it can convert PPM images to and from a wide range of

other formats, thus making cjpeg/djpeg considerably more useful. The latest

version is distributed by the NetPBM group, and is available from numerous

sites, notably ftp://wuarchive.wustl.edu/graphics/graphics/packages/NetPBM/.

Unfortunately PBMPLUS/NETPBM is not nearly as portable as the IJG software is;

you are likely to have difficulty making it work on any non-Unix machine.

A different free JPEG implementation, written by the PVRG group at Stanford,

is available from ftp://havefun.stanford.edu/pub/jpeg/. This program

is designed for research and experimentation rather than production use;

it is slower, harder to use, and less portable than the IJG code, but it

is easier to read and modify. Also, the PVRG code supports lossless JPEG,

which we do not. (On the other hand, it doesn't do progressive JPEG.)

FILE FORMAT WARS

================

Some JPEG programs produce files that are not compatible with our library.

The root of the problem is that the ISO JPEG committee failed to specify a

concrete file format. Some vendors "filled in the blanks" on their own,

creating proprietary formats that no one else could read. (For example, none

of the early commercial JPEG implementations for the Macintosh were able to

exchange compressed files.)

The file format we have adopted is called JFIF (see REFERENCES). This format

has been agreed to by a number of major commercial JPEG vendors, and it has

become the de facto standard. JFIF is a minimal or "low end" representation.

We recommend the use of TIFF/JPEG (TIFF revision 6.0 as modified by TIFF

Technical Note #2) for "high end" applications that need to record a lot of

additional data about an image. TIFF/JPEG is fairly new and not yet widely

supported, unfortunately.

The upcoming JPEG Part 3 standard defines a file format called SPIFF.

SPIFF is interoperable with JFIF, in the sense that most JFIF decoders should

be able to read the most common variant of SPIFF. SPIFF has some technical

advantages over JFIF, but its major claim to fame is simply that it is an

official standard rather than an informal one. At this point it is unclear

whether SPIFF will supersede JFIF or whether JFIF will remain the de-facto

standard. IJG intends to support SPIFF once the standard is frozen, but we

have not decided whether it should become our default output format or not.

(In any case, our decoder will remain capable of reading JFIF indefinitely.)

Various proprietary file formats incorporating JPEG compression also exist.

We have little or no sympathy for the existence of these formats. Indeed,

one of the original reasons for developing this free software was to help

force convergence on common, open format standards for JPEG files. Don't

use a proprietary file format!

TO DO

=====

The major thrust for v7 will probably be improvement of visual quality.

The current method for scaling the quantization tables is known not to be

very good at low Q values. We also intend to investigate block boundary

smoothing, "poor man's variable quantization", and other means of improving

quality-vs-file-size performance without sacrificing compatibility.

In future versions, we are considering supporting some of the upcoming JPEG

Part 3 extensions --- principally, variable quantization and the SPIFF file

format.

As always, speeding things up is of great interest.

Please send bug reports, offers of help, etc. to jpeg-info@uunet.uu.net.

************************************************************************************

Celt Codec:

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Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without

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Fast Pow Function

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/*

* (c) Ian Stephenson

*

* ian@dctsystems.co.uk

*

* Fast pow() reference implementation

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Used with permission from author

For libantlr3c:

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* If this package is used in a product, Eric Young should be given attribution

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* The word 'cryptographic' can be left out if the rouines from the library

* being used are not cryptographic related :-).

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************************************************************************************

Google protocol buffers

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// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format

// http://code.google.com/p/protobuf/

//

// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without

// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are

// met:

//

// * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright

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// * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above

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// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS

// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT

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// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT

// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,

// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY

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// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)

// Based on original Protocol Buffers design by

// Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.

************************************************************************************

Google Snappy

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//

// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without

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// met:

//

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// * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above

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// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT

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// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,

// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT

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// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT

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// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

************************************************************************************

VAudio MiniMP3

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Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:

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Godot Engine

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Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy

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GE BWR/4 Technical Training Center 2.4-i Rev •7 G.E. Technolo.v Sstems Manuale 2.4 RECIRCULATION SYSTEM Learning Objectives: 1. State the system's purpose. 2. Explain how the system accomplishes purpose. 3. Place major system components in flow order and explain the purpose of each." a. RHR penetrations b. RWCU penetrations c.,- Temperature elements d. Flow elements e. Suction and discharge valves f. Pumps 4. Explain how the recirc pump seal asser indications are affected on seal failures. 5. Explain how this system interfaces with following systems:, a. Recirculation Flow Control System b. Residual Heat Removal System, c. Reactor Water Cleanup System d. Reactor Vessel System e. Control Rod Drive System f. Average -Power Range Mo: System g. Rod Block Monitoring System h. Feedwater Control System i. Reactor Building Closed Loop Water System j. Liquid Radwaste System nito Coc 2.4.1 Introduction The purpose of the Recirculation System is to provide forced circulation of water through the reactor core, permitting-higher - reactor power than with natural circulation. s its,, path Scram (ATWS) and Recirculation Pump Trip (RPT) functions are safety related. As theses functions control the power to the recirc motor they are discussed in section 7.2, Recirculation Flow Control System. 2.4.2 -System, Description -The Recirculation System-(Fig. 2.4-1&2) consists of two separate and independent parallel pumping loops. Each loop consists of a recirculation, pump driven by a variable speed motor, 10 jet pumps, valves, piping-and instrumentation. The entire Recirculation System is located within the primary containment. The ably jet pumps(Fig.2.4-3) are located inside the reactor vessel annulus, between the core shroud 1 the and vessel wall. The recirculation pumps take water from the vessel annulus area and discharge into a manifold containing five risers per recirculation loop. Each riser in turn -penetrates the vessel and supplies the driving -,.flow for two jet pumps.The action of the jet ,pump (Fig. -2.4-4)mixes the, high velocity ring - (driving) water~with the , reactor (driven) water from the annulus area.The mixture of driving and driven water enters the reactor vessel bottom head and is circulated through the core. Water )ling :from the moisture separators, dryers, and ;the - feedwater system returns to the annulus area forming the suction for both the jet pumps and recirculation pumps. . ,2.4.3 Component. Description The components that make up the Recirculation System are discussed in, the paragraphs which follow. The functional classification of the Recirculation System is that-- of a power generation system,, . although the Anticipated -Transient Without . USNRC Technical Training Center 2.4-1 zev ui)i 1 • 2.4-1 - .... ,Recirculation System USNRC -imev 01.97 Technical Training Center G.E. Tichnology Systems Manual 2.4.3.1 Recirculation Loop Suction Piping The two recirculation loops remove water from the reactor vessel downcomer annulus area approximately 180' apart. Each 28 inch recirculation pump suction line,' conta'ins pump differential pressure instruments,temperature elements, a single 28 inch suction isolation valve and a penetration to the RWCU system. The 'B' recirculation suction line contains an additional penetration for the Residual Heat Removal (RHR) System. The RHR System penetration in 'B' loop is a 20 inch'line that provides a 'suction for the shutdown cooling mode of the RHR System (Section 10.4). Suction Isolation Valve The Recirculation System. suction isolation valves are motor operated 28 inch gate valves used to isolate the recircilation-K pumps for maintenance. Each, valve is ifhdividually controlled from the control room by a hand switch. Because the removal of the reactor recirculation gate valve internals would require unloading the core, the valves are provided with'high quality backseats that permit replacement of stem packing while the system is full of water. One objective of the valve design is to minimize the need for maintenance of the valve internals. 2.4.3.2 Recirculation Pumps A variable speed, single stage, vertically mounted centrifugal pump is provided in each recirculation loop with the suction and discharge lines welded to the pump casings. The pumps are located below the reactor vessel to satisfy NPSH requirements. At less than 20% feedwater flow or if reactor water level is below level 3, the pump speed is interlocked to minimum to assure adequate NPSH. The recirculation pump is driven by a variable speed motor, which can operate from 11.5 Hz to 57.5 Hz (via the Recirculation Flow Control System, Section 7.2). The recirc pump motor windings and bearing oil are cooled by the RBCLCW system. The motor has a vibration sensor which alarms in the control room on high vibration. The oil level in the motor bearings is monitored for level and alarms in the control room on low level. Each recirculation pump is equipped with a dual mechanical shaft seal assembly (Figure 2.4-5). Each assembly consists of two seals built into a cartridge that can be replaced without removing the motor from the pump. Each individual seal in the cartridge is designed for full pump design pressure, so that one seal can adequately limit leakage in the event that the other seal should fail. The pump shaft passes through a break down bushing in the pump casing to reduce leakage to approximately 60 gpm in the event of gross failure of b•oth shaft seals. The cavity temperature and pressure of each seal are monitored to indicate seal performance and condition. The seals are cooled by the RBCLCW system. On loss of the cooling water pump operation is limited to preclude failure of the seals from overheating and/or motor damage. During normal- operation, the two sets of seals share the sealing function of the assembly. This is possible because there is a pressure break down orifice internal to the seal cartridge. Each seal provides approximately 500 psid-across its surface. The second seal cavity receives a small T17,%rT,, r..!.u' 2.4-2 Rev 0197 --- ~ ~ -n ~ Ill It1 yslll tem ! r -_t l. •€;11i1al Iraining t-enter I - II Recirculation System y.r.,. I cUUoiUg.•U y amount of flow through a pressurebreakdown orifice. This staging flow allows the second seal to provide some of the.pump sealing load. The second stage seal cavity is drained through another orifice to the drywell -equipment drain sump. The recirculation pumps, as well as piping and valves, are supported by hangers to avoid the use', of expansion loops that would .be required if the pumps were anchored. The only location where the piping is rigidly fixed is at the connection to the reactor vessel.'At other places, the piping is -. free to expand and contract within the limits of , snubbers and hangers. 2.4.3.3 Recirculation Pump Discharge Piping Each 28 inch discharge pipe contains a pump differential pressure measurement penetration, a. discharge isolation valve, a flow measurement device, a penetration for RHR System Jinjection, a distribution manifold, 5 riser pipes, -and 10 jet pumps. .Each 22" distribution manifold directs the driving flow to 5-12" jet pump riser pipes. The jet pump riser pipes are connected to the reactor vessel -recirculation inlet penetrations, and to the jet pumps within the reactor vessel. Discharge Valves - Each recirculation loop contains a motor operated discharge valve located between the recirculation pump and the loop flow measurement device. The valve is remotely operated from the control room using an open/close control switch: The discharge valve is, sealed in to close and throttled to open.-,The discharge valves are automatically jogged open on a pump startup by the Recirculation Flow Control System (Section 7.2). Additionally, the discharge valves close as part of the automatic initiation sequence for the low pressure coolant injection (LPCI) mode of the RHR System to provide an emergency core cooling water flowpath to the reactor vessel. Construction of the discharge valve is similar to the suction valve described earlier. Recirculation Flow Measurement recirculation loop flow is determined by using the relationship that flow is proportion al to the square root of the differential pressure. Each recirculation loop contains a venturi(flow element) between the recirculation pump discharge valve and the distribution manifold. By measuring the differential pressure created by the venturi, a reliable recirculation loop flow can be obtained for use ,by the following: Process -Computer (Section 6.0), Average Power Range Monitoring (APRM) System (Section 5.4), and the, Rod Block- Monitoring (RBM) System (Section 5.5). In addition to providing flow information to other systems, recirculation flow - is recorded and displayed in the control room for operator use. Four flow transmitters are piped to each flow, venturi( .8 -total) to provide these functions. Discharge -Manifold and Risers The 28 inch, recirculation loop discharge line connects to a 22 inch distribution manifold. Each manifold is a semicircular header which inputs to five 12 inch jet pump risers spaced at, equal intervals . Each riser supplies driving flow to two jet pumps. The jet pumps are located in the annular region between the core shroud and the reactor vessel wall. The risers penetrate the vessel below the active core region to minimize . . .. ... •Rev 0197 I USNRC Technical Training Center . • /,, .r4 °.• G.E. Technology Systems Manual .Y. bAsa fast, flux exposure to the penetration nozzles and welds.- Excessive' exposure could cause embrittlement of the vessel welds and result in nozzle cracking. 2.4.3.4 Jet Pumps Jet pumps are used in BWR's to increase the total core flow and yet minimize the external flow ( recirculation flow ) required to obtain the desired core flow. This reduces external pump and piping size requirements. The jet pump nozzles(Fig. 2.4-4) develop a high velocity and a relatively low pressure at the jet pump suction. In so doing, they entrain the water in the downcomer area with the water driven through the jet pump nozzle by the -recirculation pump. The combined flows, driving and driven, mix in the mixer section and flow into the diffuser. The diffuser increases the flowi area, decreasing the velocity and increasing the pressure head. During full power operation, approximately one third of the core flow comes from the recircula tion pumps. The remaining two-thirds is induced by the jet pumps. 2.4.3.5 Reactor Water Sampling Line The sample line connects the 'B' recirculation loop distribution manifold to a sample sink, outside of the dryweU via inboard and outboard containment isolation valves. Sampling from the distribution manifold assures a representative sample of reactor wate'r. -The 3/4 inch recircula tion loop sample line is'ptoided to ensure anr alternate means of sampling reactor water when the'Reactor Water Cleanup (RWCU) System is not available. 2.4.4 System Features A short discussion of system features and interfaces this system has with other plant systems is -given in the paragraphs which follow. 2.4.4.1 System Operation The recirculation 'pumps are started prior to control rod withdrawal for a plant startup and are both run at the same speed during power operation of the reactor. Should one recirculation loop become inoperable, plant operation may continue for a specified time as limited by the plant technical specifications. This is known as single recirculation loop operation. Should both recirculation loops become inoperable, plant operation may continue for another specified time period if permitted by the plant technical specifications. This is a condition known as natural circulation. Even though there is no external recirculation loop drive flow; there still is a natural circulation phenomenon that occurs within the reactor vessel because of coolant density differences between the reactor core region and the vessel annulus. Temperature, elements located in the suction piping are used to determine if the differential temperature requirements are satisfied for pump starts , for heatup and cooldown rate determina tions and for monitoring for normal system operations'. Further discussion of this instrumen tation is found in section 7.2 on the RFC system. The pump differential pressure instrumentation is used during pump starts in the pump start interlocks and for information during normal system, operation. Further discussion of this is in the RFC system section too. *1CThTflt. 'r iecnnicai iraining . . Leflier -. - - - Rev 0197 . Rev 0197 •aL •m•avxl b..lW J@ • L• J JA uSN.RC• lechnncal training Center 2.4-4 G.E. Technology Systems Manual -Rcruain.yti 2.4.4.2 Jet Pump Vibration When operating both recirculation pumps, a hig] flow difference between the two loops can causi flow reversal or oscillation of flows in the loi flow loop. This reversal or oscillation can resu] in vibration of the jet pumps and riser braces. Ti minimize, vibration and ,prevent fatigue proceduralcontrols are imposed..Recirc pum, speeds shall be within 5%-of each other whe core flow is equal to or greater than'70% of ratei and within 10% when less than 70%. Durin idle pump startup, with the other pump i operation, it's also necessary to reduce th operating pump's speed to less than 50% prior t starting a pump to reduce or minimize thes effects. 2,4'.4.3 Recirculation Pump Seal., , Operation The recirculation pump seal assembly. (Figur 2.4-5) is kept clean and cool by a seal purg supply. The seal purge supply provides continuous flow of clean, cool water from th Control Rod Drive Hydraulic System (Sectio 2.3), to maintain a net flow of clean watc through the pump seals. A flow of approximate] 4 gpm-is- routed to each pump .through restricting orifice, flow regulator, -and flo' indicator. Approximately .75 gallons per minute floxm through the seal cartridge as staging flow; whi. the remainder flows around the pump shaft an breakdown bushing into the impeller cavity. Th seal purge reduces the possibility of seal damag because of introduction of foreign material froi an unclean piping system, and also reduces t1 seal temperature by its cooling effect. The seal purge increases seal life while reducing radioactive discharge to the Liquid Radwaste hi System. V Alarms are provided on the staging flow lines It and seal leakoff lines to provide indication of seal failure. These alarms, together, with the •, pressure indicators, allow the operator to p analyze system failure. A flow switch in the seal n staging line - provides a high flow alarm at .9 dl gpm and a low flow alarm at -.5 ogpm.' A second g flow switch located -on the second seal leakoff n flow line (normally zero flow) alarms high at .25 e :gpm., 0 e Failure of the inner (number 1) seal is indicated -,by a number 2 seal pressure increase to higher than normal and an increase in staging flow through the second orifice which-causes a high flow alarm . e 'Failure of the outer (number 2) seal is indicated e by number 2 . seal -pressure indication -being a lower than normal (depending on the extent of ýel - the failure), and the outer seal flow switch'which n. - detects leakage and alarms high along with the ,r low flow alarm on the staging flow. , a Failure of both seals is indicated by leakage past w the outer seal -resulting in a high flow alarm (leakage would be limited to •approximately 60 gpm by the breakdown bushing) and a pressure s,:. decrease in both seals which is dependent on the le -magnitude of the failure. id , is The recirculation pump seal cavity requires e, forced cooling due to the heat of the reactor n water and the friction-generated in the .sealing le surfaces. Cooling water, provided by the Reactor Building Closed Loop Cooling Water (RBCLCW) System, flows through-a cooling jacket around the seal assembly. USNRC Technical Training Center - - 2.4-5 ev uxI SUSNRC Technical Training Center S.... .. Recirculation .System KeV U1. - , 2.4-5 G.E. Technology Systems Manual 2.4.5 System Interfaces The interfaces this system has with other plant systems are discussed in the paragraphs which follow. Reactor Vessel System '(Section 2.1) -The jet pumps are mounted in the reactor vessel annulus area; the jet pump riser pipes represent several vessel, penetrations; the recirculatiofi suction lines represent two of the largest vessel penetrations; and the 'Recirculation System provides forced flow of coolant through the core. Control Rod Drive System (Section 2.3) The CRD System provides seal purge water to the recirculation pump seals. Reactor Building -Closed-- Loop Cooling Water System (Section 11. 1) The RBCLCW System provides water to the Recirculation System for cooling the recircula tion pump motor windings, bearings, and mechanical seals. Recirculation Flow Control System (Section 7.2) Recirculation pump speed is controlled by the Recirculation Flow Contiol (RFC) System. The RFC system also jogs the pump discharge valve open on pump start. Residual Heat Removal System (Section 10.4) The shutdown cooling mode of the RHR System takes water from the 'B' recirculation loop Recirculation System suction linie and returns it to either loop discharge line to provide a decay heat removal capability. The -low pressure coolant injection (LPCI) mode of the RHR system injects emergency core cooling water into the recircu lation- loop 'discharge piping between the dis charge valve-and reactor vessel. Both recircu lation loop discharge valves receive an automatic close signal fr6im LPCI initiation and low reactor pressure to ensure water introduction into the core. Liquid -Radwaste System (Section 8.2) The liquid radwaste system processes the leakage from the pump seals and valves. Average Power Range Monitoring Sys tem (Section 5.4) Recirculation loop flow signals are used by the APRM System to provide flow bias protective trips. Rod Block Monitoring System (Section 5.5) The Rod Block, Monitoring System uses recirculation loop flow to provide flow bias rod withdraw blocks. 2.4.6 Summary Classification - Power generation system Purpose -T6"piovide forced circulation of water through the reactor core, permitting higher reactorpower than with natural circulation. IJSNRC Tec-16n.-.I T;.;.i. f Rev 0197 L_ aa l b . as I11111 en. terI~• Z.14-0 GE~ Technology Systems Manual RcruainSse Components - Suction pipes; suction valves; pumps; discharge valves; flow venturi; distribution manifold; jetpump riser pipes; jetpumps; and various penetrations. System Interfaces - Reactor Vessel System; Con trol Rod Drive System; Recirculation Flow Control System; Reactor Building Closed Cooling Water System; Residual Heat Removal System; Liquid Radwaste System; Average Power Range Monitoring System; Rod Block Monitoring System.[edit | edit source]

2.5. MAIN STEAM-SYSTEM Learning Objectives 1. State the system's purpose(s). 2. Place the following system components in flow path order and explain the purpose of each : -a. Safety/Relief Valves b. Main Steam Line Flow Restrictors c. Main Steam Line Isolation Valves d. Equalizing Header e. Turbine Bypass Valves f. • Main Turbine g. Extraction Steam System , h. Moisture Separator Reheaters 3. Explain the different modes of safety/relief valve operation. 4. List the signals that will automatically close the main steam isolation valves and explain the reason for each. 5.- Explain how this system interfaces with the following systems or components: a. Reactor Vessel System b. Reactor Core Isolation Cooling System Offgas System Sc. d. Electro-hydraulic System e. Nuclear Steam Supply System f. Residual Heat Removal System g. Automatic Depressurization System h.. Condensate and Feedwater System i. Reactor Protection System j. Feedwater Control System 2.5.1 Introduction The purposes of the Main Steam System are to direct steam from the reactor vessel to, the main turbine and other steam loads; to provide overpressure protection for the reactor coolant system, and to direct steam to certain safety -systems. The functional classification of the Main Steam System is that of a power generation system. <[he Main Steam System does, however, contain three components which are engineered safety features (ESF). These ESF's are the main steam isolation valves, the main steam line 'flow restrictors, and the safety/relief valves. The Main Steam (MS) System, shown in Figures 2.5-1, 2.5-2 and-.2.5-3, consists of four steam lines that originate at the reactor- vessel, penetrate the drywell (primary containmefit) ýtraverse the reactor building in a shielded steam tunnel and terminate in a pressure equalizing header in the turbine building. From the pressure equalizing header, steam is directed to the turbine stop -valves,, bypass valves, reactor feed pump ,turbines, steam jet air ejectors, and turbine gland seal steam. * Within the containment each steam line contains a number of safety/relief valves for nuclear system :overpressure protection, a steam flow restrictor to -limit the loss of inventory in the event of a r'steam line rupture, and an inboard main steam isolation valve. The "A"s steam line contains three -penetrations to provide continuous venting of the - reactor vessel head area during reactor'operation, a reliable -steam -source to the Reactor , Core Isolation Cooling (RCIC) System, and to supply steam to the High Pressure Coolant Injection (HPCI) System. Low point drains upstream of the inboard main steam isolation valves (MSIV's) penetrate each Smain steam line and connect to a common drain header. The steam line drain header enters the reactor building yia a motor operated isolation valve and a guard pipe. Within the reactor USNRC Technical Training Center 2.5-1 Rev 0197 Rev •0197 G.E. Technology Systems Manual Main Steam System USNRC Technical Training Center 2.5-1 G.E. Technology Systems Manual Main Steam System building, each main steam line contains a redundant outboard MSIV and a low point drain connection. Passage through the reactor building is within a steam tunnel. This tunnel provides radiation shielding and a foundation for seismic supports. The low point drain' connections terminate at a common pipe which is attached to the main steam lines upstream of the inboard MSIV's and the main condenser. From the reactor building, the four steam lines progress to the turbine building where' they are finally connected to a common pressure equalizing header. The pressure equalizing header provides a common point to route steam for plant usage. 2.5.2 Component Description The components which makeup the Main Steam System are discussed in the paragraphs which follow. 2.5.2.1 Main Steam Lines The main steam lines, shown in Figures 2.5-1 and 2.5-2, are each twenty-four inches in diameter and constructed of carbon. steel: The lines are welded to the reactor vessel shell area and have a design pressure and temperature, of 1250 psig and 5750F, respectively. The system design and arrangement incorporates seismic considerations and provisions to'-mitigate the consequences of postulated pipe failures. The use of four steam lines, to control a flow of "10.5 x 106 lb/hr, allows operational testing of the MSIV's and permits high- power operation with one steam line isolated. Reduced individual pipe diameters provide a limitation on th6 differential pressure across reactor vessel internals during a single -steam line break. The steam dryer differential pressure is of particular concern because failure of the dryer could result in interference with MSIV closure and thus prevent isolation, if the break occurred downstream of the MSIV's. 2.5.2.2 Reactor Head Vent As shown in Figure 2.5-1, a vent connection is provided on the top head of the reactor vessel. The vent line serves to vent noncondensible gases from the upper vessel area during startup, normal operation, and vessel floodup. During operation at temperatures less than boiling, the noncondensibleý gases are vented to the drywell equipment drain stimp. At temperatures above boiling, the vent is directed to the "A" main steam line. 2.5.2.3 Safety/Relief Valves The: purpose of the safety/relief valves (SRV's), Figures 2.5-5- and 2.5-6, is to prevent over pressurization of the nuclear process barrier from any abnormal operational transient. In addition to providing overpressure protection, seven (7) of the SRV's are also used by the Automatic Depressurization System (ADS, Section 10.2) to rapidly decrease reactor pressure during specific small break losý of coolant accidents. -There are a total of eleven (11) safety/relief valves, each with an approximate capacity of 815,000 lb/hr at 1100 psig. The SRVs have three modes of operation: the safety mode, the relief (remote manual) mode, and the ADS mode. The SRV's are located on each main steam line between the reactor :vessel and the steam line flow restrictors. The SRV's are mounted on a horizontal run of the steam piping to facilitate the USNRC Technical Training Center 2.5-2 Rev 0197 K_ G.E. Technology Systems Manual Main Steam System USNRC Technical Training Center 2.5-2 Rev 0197 G.E. Technology Systems ManualManSem ysm SRV discharge piping configuration from the valve to the ,suppression pool and to avoid the necessity for removing sections of the discharge pipe when the vessel,,head is removed for refueling. The SPV's location also enhances their accessibility for maintenance. Two vacuum breakers on each SRV discharge line serve to admit drywell atmosphere to the SRV discharge line in order to minimize the reduction in line pressure to below atmospheric pressure as steam in the line condenses following closure of the SRV. The vacuum breakers thus minimize siphoning of water into the SRV discharge pipe after an SRV opening cycle. Water in the line more than a few feet above suppression pool water level would cause -excessive pressure at the valve discharge when -the valve is again opened. The vacuum breakers :begin to open at 0.2 psid and are fully open at -0.5 psid. Discharge quenchers direct the flow' of steam so that it does not impinge directly on the suppression chamber shell. Temperature and pressure elements are located in each SRV discharge tail pipe. These sensors wihl actuate an annunciator in the control room if the tail pipe temperature exceeds 220"F or if the tail pipe pressure is 5 psig or greater. This alerts the operator that a safety/relief valve is open or leaking. - - The SRV discharge lines are arranged in such a manner as to -provide an evenly distributed heat -load in -the suppression pool -when a group of SRV's lift. This distribution ensures adequate --steam condensation on blowdown; i.e.; no hot spots are generated in the pool. The SRV's shown -in Figures 2.5-5 and 2.5-6 are two stage, dual -actuation type Target Rock safety/relief valves., Actuation of an SRV is accomplished by self actuation (safety mode) -from high . system pressure or remotely via the Automatic Depressurization System- (ADS, Section 10.2) logic or by operator action (relief -mode). A listing of the SRV's associated with each of the four main steam lines and,their setpoints are shown in Table 2.5-1., The Target Rock two stage pilot operated safety ,relief valve consists of two principle assemblies: a pilot valve section (top works) and the main valve section (bottom works). The pilot valve section (first stage) provides the pressure sensing and control element while the main valve (second stage) provides the pressure relief function.- - - . . The first stage consists of a pilot-stabilizer disc assembly with. a-means for remote actuation, accomplished via the attached pneumatic actuator. The pilot valve is the pressure sensing member to which the stabilizer disc movement is coupled. Though. not mechanically -connected, a small -,spring (pilot preload spring) keeps the stabilizer in contact with the pilot. The setpoint ,adjustment spring permits setpoint adjustment (lifting ,pressure) of the-pilot valve and provides-pilot valve seating force. The second or main stage consists essentially of a large valve which ,includes the -main valve disc, main valve chamber, main valve preload spring, and piston. For operation of the SRV's refer to Section 2.5.3. 2.5.2.4 Flow Restrictors -The steam flow restrictors are a venturi type flow nozzle welded in each main steam line between the SRV's and the inboard main ,steam isolation valves (MSIV's) as shown inFigure 2.5-1. The -flow restrictors are designed to limit steam line ,flow in a severed line to approximately 200% of USNRC Technical Training Center 2.5-3 Rev UIYi USNRC Technical Training Center ý _2.5-3 Main Steam System Rev 0197 GE. Teh..MMain Steam Sv.tem rated flow for that steam line. By limiting the rate of steam flow; the loss' of coolant from the reactor vessel is limited, the diffeirential pressure across the reactor vessel internals is limited, and the rate of radioactivity'release is limited. The flow restrictors also provide flow signals to the Feedwater Control System' (Section 3.3) and the Nuclear Steam Supply Shutoff System (NSSSS, Section 4.4). The flow restrictors, together with the fast -closure of the MSIV's, prevent uncovering the core following a steam line break. The steam line flow restrictors' are one of the Engineered Safety features associated with the Main Steam System. 2.5.2.5 Main Steam Isolation Valves (MSIV's) Each main steam line contains two redundant MSIV's welded in the-- horizontal pipe run as close as possible to the drywell penetration. Each MSIV is equipped with two independent position switches which provide open/closed indication to the control room and a signal to the Reactor Protection System (RPS, Section 7.3) scram trip circuit. To provide flexibility for testing, the MSIV's are arranged in the RPS logic, so that two of the four steam lines can'be isolated without scramming the reactor, assuming reactor power is low enough to limit the resultant pressure and steam flow increase. The MSIV's, Figure 2.5-7, are "Y" pattern, pneumatic opening, spring and/or pneumatic closing valves. These internally balanced, poppet type globe valves are designed to fail closed on 'loss of- pneumatic pressure to the pneumatic actuator. The MSIV's are controlled by two solenoid operated 'pilot, valves. Thie dual solenoids '(A and B) are' redundant'in function with either solenoid being capable of operating (opening) the valve. For reliability separate power supplies are used. The A solenoids are 120 VAC divisional power and the B solenoids use 125 VDC divisional power. Further reliability is obtained by separating the divisional power between 'the inboard and outboard MSIV's. The inboard MSIV's A solenoids get power from the 120 VAC division 2 bus. The outboard MSIV's A solenoids get power from the 120 VAC division 1 bus. The normally de energized test solenoid for each MSIV is fed from the same power supply as the A solenoid. An accumulator, located close to each isolation valve, provides pneumatic pressure for the purpose of assisting in valve closure when both pilots are de-energized or in the event of failure of pneumatic supply pressure. The MSIV pneumatic supply system, shown in Figures 2.5-8 and 2.9-8 are piped in such a way that when one or both pilots are energized, the pneumatic actuator wvill open the valve. When both pilots are de-energized, as in an automatic closure or manual switch in the closed position, the accumulator pressure is switched to pressurize the opposite side of the pneumatic actuator and help the spring close the valve. Pressure fromr the accumulator or the spring force is cap'able-of, independently closing the valve with the reactor vessel at full pressure. Thus, if one fails, the other should successfully close the valve. The accumulator volume is adequate to provide full stroking of the valve through one-half cycle (open to close) when supply air to the accumulator has failed. The supply line to the accumulator is large enough to make up pressure to the accumulator at a rate faster than the valve operation bleeds pressure from the accumulator during valve opening or closure. A separate solenoid operated pilot valve with an independent test -witch is included for a manual test of slow closure of each isolation valve from the control room. USNRC Technical Training Center 2.5-4 Rev 0197 Rev 0195 'Technology Systems Manual f IanSem Sxe USNRC Technical Training Center 2.5-4 G.E. Technology Systems Manual * - - Main Steam System Closure of a valve when testing should require 45 to 60 seconds. The upper end of the valve stem is attached to a hydraulic dashpot that is used for speed control. Speed is adjusted by a valve in the hydraulic return line-alongside the dashpot; the valve closing time is adjusted to >3 and <5 seconds. MSIV closure, with the reactor critical, can result in a severe ;pressure and power increase, hence the >3 second time requirement. Because of this, closure of the. valves signals the Reactor ,Protection System to scram the reactor. This combination results in a minimum pressure and power increase upon valve closure and limits the release of radioactive material on a downstream -steam line break. The -valve operators for yalves located within the primary containment are designed to close the valve with the vented side of the piston operator at the containment peak accident pressure. This is true for operating pressure acting without the aid of the spring, ormith the spring acting alone. 7. Main condenser low vacuum. 8., Main steam tunnel high delta T. 2.5.2.6 Steam Line Drains - A drain line, shown in Figure 2.5-3, is connected to the low point of each main steam line both inside and outside the drywell. Both sets of drains are arranged and connected to permit drainage to the-main condenser. An orifice is installed around the final valve to the condenser permitting continuous draining of the steam line low points. The containment inboard and outboard steam line drains are used to equalize pressure across the steam line isolation valves following a steam line isolation. Assuming all the main steam line isolation valves have closed and the steam lines outside the drywell have been depressurized; the MSIV's outside the drywell are opened first, then the drain lines are used to warm up and pressurize the outboard steam lines. Following pressurization-the inboard MSIV's inside -the - drywell, are opened. ý , I The MSIV's, rapid.closure (<5 second) in 2.5.2.7 Turbine Bypass Valves "conjunction with the steam line flow restrictors, limit the release of radioactive materials to the There are 4 -turbine bypass valves, Figure 2.5-2, environment and vessel inventory loss. The- which are used to bypass -up:to 25% of-rated MSIV's are automatically closed upon receipt of any of the following isolation signals: 1. Reactor water level (level 1).. . 2. Main steam line high radiation. 3. Main steam line high steam flow.: 4. Main steam line low pressure (in RUN mode)., 5. Main steam line area high temperature (Steam Tunnel). . 6. Main steam line area high temperature (Turbine Building). . - steam flow directly to the condenser. The turbine bypass valves -work in conjunction with -the ,turbine control valves -,to ensure.a constant reactor pressure for a given reactor power, -level. Control or movement of the turbine bypass valves and turbine control valves is automatically accomplished by the -Electro Hydraulic Control (EHC) System (Section 3.2). The turbine -bypass valves are located in a multivalve manifold or -steam chest with main steam entering at both ends of the manifold.-The -USNRC -. Technical Training Center 2.5.5 Key UIYi : "2.5-5 •G.E. Technolog~y Systems Manual S. • •. Main Steam System Rev UIYJ -- USNRC Technical Training Center G.E. Technology Systems Manual -steam enters at both ends to provide a balanced flow to' all of the bypass valves.: The BPVs exhaust to the main condenser by way of a pressure breakdown system. The' pressure breakdown system consists of a series of pressure breakdown 'plates, orifices.and water spray. The turbine bypass valves are a hydraulic operated modulating type valve, capable of controlling steam flow from zero percent to twenty-five percent of plant rated steam flow. During steam bypass operation (plant startup, shutdown, or transient conditions) the bypass valves open sequentially through the EHC system. During a plant startup, heating and loading of the turbine are accomplished by first establishing a flow, of steam to the condenser through the bypass valves and then gradually, transferring this flow to the turbine. During normal shutdown, steam is released to the main condenser through the bypass valves to achieve the desired rate of cooldown of the reactor. In the event of a turbine" trip or load rejection, it may be necessary to, bypass as much- as 25 percent of the maximum turbine steam flow. This condition would require all four bypass valves to open. These valves' provide the capability to prevent overpressurizing the reactor vessel if the MSIV's are open. 2.5.2.8 Turbine Stop Valves There are four turbine stop valves (SV's) located just upstream of the turbine control valves as illustrated on Figure 2.5-2. The stop valves are rnohiially open during turbine operation with a rapid closure capability, 0.1 seconds, upon detection of potentially unsafe turbine conditions. The four stop valves are equipped with a below seat equalizing header which is utilized during turbine startup'operation (EHC, Section 3.2). Each stop valve* is also equipped with two position limit switches as part of the Reactor Protection System (RPS, Section 7.3). Closure of the stop valves as sensed by the position limit switches will produce'a reactor scram through the RPS. The reactor scram from closure of the stop valves provides fuel claddirig protection from the anticipated positive reactivity insertion created by the void collapse. The number two turbine stop valve cofitains an internal bypass valve, unlike SV's 1, 3 and 4, which is used for turbine warming prior to startup and equalizing the pressure across the stop valves prior to opening. 2.5.2.9 Turbine Control Valves The four turbine control valves regulate the steam flow to the turbine, as controlled by the Electro Hydraulic Control System (EHC, Section 3.2), in order to control reactor pressure. The' control valves also provide the control mechanism for rolling, synchronizing, and loading the turbine generator. The turbine control valves are located between the turbine stop valves and the turbine. The control valves operate- in unison via hydraulic fluid supplied from the EHC System. Each valve is equipped with'a fast acting solenoid valve which will dump the hydraulic fluid supply, and fast close t6i6 control valves in 0.2 seconds. To anticipate the resultant pressure and neutron flux spike and protect' the fuel cladding, the rapid control valve closure will cause a reactor scram. TTCMJDA I.:.u Rev 0197 -1 S.. .. vanH Steam System| I~t.:•¢l ec n catilt~l raIinling Center 2.5-6 G.E. Technology Systems Manual Main Steam System The scram signal originates from the hydraulic oil controlled by the fast acting solenoids. Upon detection of loss of hydraulic operating fluid, a scram signal is initiated on fast closure of the control valves that would typically occur on a generator load reject. 2.5.2.10 Turbine The turbine is~an 1800 rpm, impulse/reaction, tandem compound, four flow steam turbine, consisting of one high pressure and two low pressure turbines. Steam is brought from the reactor, to the turbine stop valves, through four lines with a suitable cross connection near the stop valves to equalize pressure, temperature and flow. The steam then flows through the stop valves to another equalizing header (steam chest) to the control valves. After passing through the control valves, the steam is directed to the high pressure turbine where it enters in the center and flows to both ends. The high.pressure turbine, like the low pressure turbines, is an impulse/reaction turbine with the first stage being pressure compounded that is, the force applied to each wheel (turbine stage) results from the impact of high velocity steam on the turbine blades. Some of the high pressure steam is redirected from the high pressure turbine to the last stage (high pressure) feedwater heaters. The steam remaining after passing the last stage of the HP turbine is exhausted through moisture separator/reheaters which remove most of the entrained moisture and add superheat to the steam going to the low pressure turbines. After exiting the moisture separators the steam is at a low pressure, typically around 200 psig. It enters the combined intermediate valves (CIV's) and then flows to the LP turbine casings. Steam enters each of the LP turbines in the middle ofthe turbine and is directed from the center to the dual exhausts, one at either end. Extraction steam is removed from the LP turbines to supply the low pressure feedwater heaters. This steam is removed symmetrically from each LP turbine to prevent uneven axial loading of the shaft from any one turbine or turbine stage. Steam exhausted from the last stages of each LP turbine is exhausted to the main condenser via dual exhaust hoods. These exhaust hoods are maintained at a vacuum approaching 30" Hg to ensure maximum energy -is'extracted from the steam and to prevent condensation of the steam -which would cause erosion of the-last, stage buckets: Operation at exhaust hood pressures greater than -5" Hg absolute (approx. 25" :Hg --.vacuum) should be avoided.* Steam not only supplies the energy to move the turbine blades, but also provides a means to remove frictional heat from the turbine- blades. At low steam flow rates, the last stages of the low pressure turbine can heat up causing the exhaust hood temperature to rise an excessive amount. To cool the exhaust hood, an exhaust hood., spray ,system automatically controls the -temperature by .spraying, cool water on the hood (not onto the rotating blades). The turbine generator should not be operated at low loads (less than 5%) for any long period of time to prevent damage to the last stage buckets. Steam from the dual exhausts of, the LP turbines is routed to the main condenser where it is cooled and condensed by circulating water - (flowing through the condenser tubes) and r:returned by the Condensate, and Feedwater System to the reactor vessel. USNRC Technical Training Center 2.5.7 - J Rev 0197 .G.E. Technology Systems Manual Main Steam System USNRC Technical Training Center 2.5 -7 I J Rev 0197 G.E.Tecnoloy MaualMain Sstem Steam Svstem 2.5.2.11 Moisture Separator / Reheaters The moisture separator/reheaters, Figure 2.5-11, receive the exhaust steam from the high pressure turbine and remove about 98% of the moisture by passing the steam through a- series of chevron type baffle plates. Main steam is supplied to the second stage of the moisture separator/reheaters to add superheat to the'steam entering the low pressure turbines. Condensate from the moisture separators drains into drain tanks, one for' each separator, through the feedwater heaters and back to the condenser. The dried steam is piped through the combined intermediate valves, to the low pressure turbines. A - relief valve is installed in the steam line upstream of each combined' intermediate valve (CIV) to protect the low priessiure piping if the CIV's should close and the turbine stops and control valves fail to close fully. 2.5.2.12 Combined' Intermediate Valves There are four combined intermediate valves that are located as close as possible to the low pressure turbines. Each of' these combined intermediate valves consists-of a balanced sleeve type intercept valve and an intermediate unbalanced disc type stop valve, with both valves sharing a common seat. Both the intercept valve and the stop valve can travel through full stroke regardless of the position of the other valve. Intercept valves are required on a generator load reject because the very large steam and water inventory trapped in the piping between the high pressure (HP) and low pressure (LP) turbines and in the moisture separator/reheaters could cause turbine overspeed by driving the LP turbines. The intercept ýalve throttle steam flow to the LP turbines during certain overspeed conditions. The intermediate stop valves are not positioning units. They are either open or closed and act as emergency valves in the manner of the main stop valves. 2.5.2.13 Other:Steam Equipment The Main Steam System supplies steam to a number of components within the plant. Below is a listing of some of those components and a description of the ones not covered elsewhere in this manual. 1. Steam Seal System 2. Steamjet air ejectors (Section 8.1) 3. Reactor Core Isolation Cooling System (Secti6n 2.7) 4. High Pressure Coolant Injection System (Section 10.1) 5. Reactor Feed Pump Turbines (Section 2.6) 6. Moisture Separator/Reheaters 7. Radwaste Steam Generators Steam Seal System The steam seal system, prevents the entrance of air and noncondensible gases into the main condenser while also preventing the leal~age of radioactive steam to the atmosphere. Use of nonradioactive sealing, steam enables 'gland exhaust air to be, exhausted to the atmosphere rather than processed to removeC radioactive contamination. Radiation monitoring is provided at the Steam Seal Evaporator shell outlet and the Turbine Building Ventilation exhaust to deiect and alarm for any abnormal radioactivity levels. The Steam Seal Evaporator, Figure 2.5-12, USNRC Technical Training Center Rev 0197 G.E. Technology Systems Manual 2.5-8 G.E. Technology Systems Manual Main - Steam System -Produces nonradioactive steam by boiling demineralized water using Third Point Extraction Steam or reduced Main Steam as a heat source. At turbine loads of >60% the extraction line supplies the heating steam. Condensed heating ,Qsteam from the tube side of the Evaporator is collected in the drain tank and is then directed to the Fourth Point Heater of to the Main Condenser. The main Steam Seal header is maintained at about +4 psig by PCV-21, if the evaporator in not available for any reason the -Steam Seal header, can be supplied by the Auxiliary Boiler. From the Main Turbine Steam Seal header, Figure, 2.5-13, a branch line supplies seal -steam for -the RFPT"s and associated valves, Figure 2.5-15. -.The steam seal leakoff is collected in the Gland Exhaust Header which is maintanined at '10 in. water vacuum to ensure that no steam leaks into the Turbine Building- atmosphere. One of two steam Packing Exhauster-.Blowers pull the steam/air mixture in the Gland Exhaust Header throuth the Seal Steam Condenser where the steam is condensed. --2.5.3 System Features and Interfaces A. short, discussion of system features and interfaces this system has with other plant systems is given in the paragraphs which follow. 2.5.3.1 Normal Operation During a unit startup, the main steam isolation valves are open- to allow the steam lines and equipment to heatup at the same controlled rate of the reactor. The steam line drains are lined up to the main condenser, with the motor operated orifice bypass valves open to aid in moisture -removal from the steam lines. These drain paths are normally shifted to the orificed lines after the main turbine has been placed in operation and -.!significant steam flow is established through the main steam lines. When thesteam line pressure increases above the' EHC System pressure setpoint the bypass -valves will open to pass steam to the main condenser as necessary to control pressure. , With the bypass, valves controlling reactor pressure, where sufficient steam flow exists to place the turbine in operation, the turbine is warmed and loaded. When the turbine assumes the. load; the :bypass valves, will close transferring -pressure control to the turbine control valves. At rated operating conditions, ,reactor steam dome pressure is expected to be 1005 psig with approximately a 55 psig pressure drop across the steam piping and valves, resulting in a pressure of approximately 950 psig ,at the turbine inlet. • - - 2.5.3.2 Safety/Relief Valve Operation When the reactornis at operating pressure, below the setpoint of the valve,-the pilot valve is seated with system pressure acting, on the stabilizer disc side (Figure 2.5-5). The -second stage of, the valve has system pressure on both sides of the main valve piston with the main valve disc seated (closed). As the system pressure increases to the setpoint of the SRV (Figure 2.5-5), the pressure acting on the pilot valve produces a force great enough to overcome the opposing force of the - setpoint adjustment spring and lift the pilot valve from its seat. As the pilot valve moves to full _open, the~stabilizer disc follows the, pilot until -the stabilizer is seated. -With the pilot valve full open and the stabilizer disc seated, the area above the main valve piston is vented to the discharge , piping via the main valve piston vent passage. This venting action creates a differential pressure USNRC Technical Training Center 2.5-9 Rev 0197 - Rev 0197 G.E. Technology Systems Manual Main -Steam System ."USNRC Technical Training Center 2.5-9 G.E. Technolo2y Systems Manual Main Steam System across the main valve piston', system pressure below the piston and drywell pressure above, causing the main valve to lift (open). The main valve'.piston is sized such that the resultint opening force is greater than the combined spring load and' hydraulic seating force. The stabilizer disc is designed to control the valve blowdown and reset pressure, by holding the pilot open until the proper reclosing pressure is reached. The stabilizer chamber is connected, by a passage, to the inlet side of- the maifn valve. The stabilizer disc will seat when the pilot- lifts. The differential pressure across the stabilizer disc is sufficient to hold the pilot open; however, as system pressure decays, the differential pressure across the stabilizer disc 'decreases until the setpoint adjustment spring becomes the controlling member causing the pilot valve to reseat. Once the pilot valve has reseated, leakage of system fluid past the main valve piston and the stabilizer disc repressurizes the main valve chamber. When steam pressure equalizes across the main valve piston, the'opefiing force is cancelled and permits the main valve spring and hydraulic flow forces the main valve to close. Once closed, the additional hydraulic seating force, due to system pressure acting'on the main valve disc, seats the main valve tightly and prevents leakage. In the' relief mode -of operation, pneumatic pressure is applied to an air (or N2) actuator by energizing a solenoid operated valve. The air actuator -mechanically- positions the pilot assembly to depressurize the top of the main valve piston causing the main valve to open. The solen6ids are energized by switches located in the control room. This type of'-arrangement provides the control room operator with a means to 'operate any of the 11"* safety/relief valves. -Seven of the eleven safety/relief valve solenoids can also be energized by actuation of the "*Automatic Depressurization System logic (ADS, Sectibn 10.2) 2.5.3'.3 System Interfaces The interfaces this system has with other plant systems are discussed in the paragraphs which follow. Reactor Vessel System (Section 2.1) The Main Steam Sstem delivers steam from the reactor vessel to the' various steam loads, vents noncondensible gases from the reactor vessel head area, and provides overpressure protection for the reactor vessel. Recirculation Flow Control System (Section. 7.2) The Main Steam System provides a turbine firist stage pressure signal to the EOC-RPT circuit. Reactor Protection System (Section 7.3) The Reactor Protection System uses MSIV closure, turbine stop valve closure, and turbine control valve fast closure signals to initiate reactor scrams and preserve fuel cladding integrity. Turbine first stage pressure is used to provide a scram bypass for stop valve closure or control valve fast closuie if the pressure is <25% of rated (equivalent to <30% thermal power). Condensate and Feedwater System (Section 2.6)' The reactor feed pump turbines uses steam from the outlet of the moisture separator/reheaters and/or steam line equalizing header as an energy USNRC Technical Training Center 2.5.10 Rev 0197 Rev 0197 G.E., Techno'logy" Systems Manual '" 'Main Steam System USNRC Technical Training Center 2.5-10 G.E. Technology Systems Manual Main, Steam System source. Extraction steam from the main turbine is used to heat the feedwater. Reactor Core Isolation Cooling System (Section 2.7) The Reactor Core Isolation Cooling System uses steam from the 'A' steam line as the driving force for its turbine. High Pressure Coolant Injection System (Section 10.1) The High Pressure Coolant Injection System uses steam from the 'A' steam line as the driving force for its turbine. Electro Hydraulic Control System (Section 3.2) The Electro Hydraulic Control (EHC) System controls the operation of the bypass valves and turbine valves to control reactor pressure and turbine generator load. Offgas System (Section 8.1) The Offgas System uses main steam to drive the steam jet air ejectors. Liquid Radwaste System (Section 8.2) The Liquid Radwaste System uses main steam to heat the radwaste steam generator. Automatic Depressurization System (Section 10.2) The Automatic Depressurization System (ADS) uses seven of the eleven safety/relief valves to make up one of the four emergency core cooling systems (ECCS). Feedwater Control System (Section 3.3) -The Feedwater Control System uses steam flow signals from the steam line flow restrictors as part of the three element level-control. network and for indication. Nuclear Steam Supply Shutoff System. (Section 4.4) The Nuclear Steam Supply: Shutoff, System isolates the Main Steam System when required. 2.5.3.,4 PRA Insights Parts of the Main Steam System are a major contributor to core damage frequency for several cut set sequences. The .MSIVs are listed as a contributor because their closure on loss of power would isolate the steam supply to the reactor feedwater pumps with a resulting loss of makeup to the reactor vessel. Also with the MSIV closure, the decay heat would then be transferred to the water in the suppression pool. The SRVs are listed because if a SRV opens and fails to reclose the result will be a loss of vessel inventory. The SRVs are also listed along with human error as a contributor. Failure to initiate ADS would prevent injection to the reactor vessel by low pressure systems during a station blackout sequence. 2.5.4 Summary Classification - Power Generation System Purposes - To direct steam from the reactor vessel to the main turbine and other steam loads, provide overpressure protection for the reactor USNRC Technical Training Center - 2.5-11 Key UIJ1 USNRC Technical Training Center G.E. Technology Systems Manual Iv Main, Steam -System -2.5-11 Rev- 0197 G.E. Technology Systems Manual Main Steam System coolant system, and direct steam to certain safety systems. Components - Safety/relief valves;, flow restrictors; MSIV's; steam line drainis;'bypass valves; turbine stop valves; turbine control valves; main turbine- moisture separator/reheaters; combined intermediate valves; steam seal system. System Interfaces - Reactor Vessel System; Recirculation Flow Control System; Reactor Protection System; Condensate and Feedwater System; Reactor Core Isolation Cooling System; High Pressure Coolant Injection System; Electro Hydraulic Control System; Offgas System; Liquid Radwaste System; -,Automatic Depressurization System; Feedwater Control System; Nuclear Steam Supply Shutoff System.

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